Importance of Television in Our Life Essay

Science has made a rapid stride in the 20th century. It has conquered every sphere of life with its blessings as well as its curse. Television is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science. It is the most up to date means of communication. Television is one of the largest gifts of modern science. The whole world comes to our homes and we can see the live telecast of the news of politics, science, inventions, sports and other important events of the world. It introduces us with the whole world’s civilization, culture, trades and commerce, weather, sports and recreation. Television has widened the horizon of sending news and views to the general masses from one country to another in an attractive and lucid way through satellite TV channels. Union of different cultures thus helps to break down prejudices and broaden our outlook. It has made the whole world a global village. Television is a media of mass communication and learning. It can educate people on current topics of the world. By viewing the educational programs, we can enrich our knowledge from every nook and corner of the world. Colourful films and live programs are shown in television. The dramas and the variety shows are the first class entertainments. But the satellite channels often telecast indecent programs. It has become a cultural assault in developing countries. Let us hope our television center will portray the true picture of our country and be the mirror of our national life. A great Islamic thinker Dr. Shamsher Ali says, â€Å"Television has many good effects but it has also many bad effects. It fully depends on our adoption and adjustment.† Hence the supremacy of the television cannot be ignored. But we should be careful in using it so that we can uphold our own culture and heritage and imbibe only the good things from other cultures.

A Comparison of Because I Could Not Stop For Death and Up-hill

It is quite peculiar that there are people who are not afraid of dying or death. Admittedly, most of us are either too afraid to face death or death itself. However, there are exceptions to the rule; and notably, Emily Dickinson and Cristina Rossetti are just some of the people who lovingly welcome the idea. Since both are also poets, they were able to portray their ideas regarding the matter through poems.In Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, she used a technique of remembering imagery of/from the past to elucidate never-ending conceptions; and this; she was able to do through establishing a dialectical relationship between one’s imagination and reality. In her poem, she suggested the subject of interconnection and the reciprocally determined personalities of the known and unknown through viewing the particular correlations between the two holistically and hierarchically.Moreover, she talks about death and eternity. And from the perspec tive of eternity, she remembered experiences that happened so long time ago and from those recollections, she endeavors the eternal world through its rapport with sequential standards.For Dickinson, Death is a kind and comforting gentleman and she adds positive subtexts about it. In this particular poem, Dickinson eternally combines and increasingly orders the temporal world with divine universe. She was able to dialectically shape some sense from the confines of life; thus permitting her readers to have a temporary glance to a universe which have an outwardly different and sporadic stages of existence that at the same time is holistically purposed and drawn in (Dickinson).Meanwhile, Cristina Rossetti also flirted with the same topic on her poem â€Å"Uphill†. In this poem, she talks about the never-ending struggles that we have to endure in life. She successfully achieved it by comparing life to an extensive and hard journey uphill—coated with lots of metaphor that is obvious all throughout the poem.Obviously, the poem is about a traveler inquiring another traveler about the whole journey. Furthermore, the poem is constructed in such a way that Traveler 1 will ask a question and Traveler 2 will answer him back and this goes on until the end of the poem. But yet, if we examine the poem closely, it is more than that.There is so much symbolism and allegory in the poem. In this poem, symbolism inspired Rossetti to write—there are overflowing concealed meanings through the use of allegory. Through closer examination, allegory is fabricated in the course of the entire poem rather then just having it within two lines or so.Nevertheless, the main theme that Rossetti wants to impart to her readers is that no matter how long or hard a journey one may encounter, there will be Someone who will never let you go (in this case, God) and that one cannot miss heaven. Since she is devout Anglican, her poems are at the same time about the idea of Death and religion. This particular poem talks about that topic in a sorrowful and death-obsessed manner (Rossetti).Both authors and poems reiterate the concept of death. In these two particular examples, the difference is how the authors created and styled their poems in different manners. Emily Dickinson used metaphors to convey her message while Christina Rossetti used allegory in her poems. This only shows that both are gifted authors.But more important than that is the fact that no matter how many people view death as a gruesome loss, there will always be people who are courageous enough to accept it and welcome it with open arms—and these two poets are exception to that.Works Cited: Dickinson, Emily. â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death.† March 2, 2008   . Rossetti, Christina. â€Å"Uphill.† March 2, 2008

Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind

Margaret Mitchell’s celebrated novel Gone With the Wind weaves a wonderful love story that happened in the eve of the American Civil War. Almost everyone has known the two lovebirds named Scarlett O’Hara and Rhett Butler, whose tempestuous love affair and memorable lines popularized in the film version of the novel. The Civil War background, the pathos of the South’s defeat, the poverty and suffering (with its clear parallels to the 1930s depression) and eventual economic triumph of Scarlett, so cheering to readers with little to feel cheerful about, and then the â€Å"realistic† ending with its bitter-sweet parting of Rhett and Scarlett, contained more excitement than a dozen lesser novels. All readers are enthralled about the details of how the Southern life runs, the humor, the dozens of colorful minor characters all presented in competent and flowery prose. Definitely, it is a must-read novel for love story fanatics who don’t mind to get a strong dose of American history to go along with the love affair of the main characters. Actually, Gone with the Wind is not solely a love story because it is considered as a coming-of-age story of Scarlett O’Hara. At the novel’s opening in 1861, Scarlett O’Hara is a sixteen-year-old Southern belle, when it concludes in 1873 she is a twenty eight year-old woman. Millichap (1994) recounted that in the twelve year span of the novel, Scarlett â€Å"experiences Secession, Civil War, and Reconstruction, as well as romance, love, marriage, and motherhood. Scarlett lives through the adolescent trauma of American culture, which is matched by a traumatic personal history as much or more tumultuous†. She was fuelled by her own life and that’s why â€Å"Mitchell created one of the most arresting tales of troubled adolescence in American literature and in so doing created a novel which will continue to captivate teenagers and fascinate their teachers well into the next century†. The relevance of this novel in American history is that Scarlett is caught up in the historic period like the Secession, Civil War, and Reconstruction that we all studied in our history class. When the Southwest was defeated during the Civil War, the huge plantations were destroyed and the slaves were freed. This prompted plantation owners to suffer greatly from their downfall. The American Civil War also interrupted cotton supplies that had disastrous effects in the United States. The Great Hunger of the 1840s was a time of agrarian crisis and industrial slump. We can all experience these parts of American history as readers go through the life of Scarlett O’Hara. By reading the novel, we can see the events that transpired during these periods through the eyes of a woman struggling to redeem herself from all the difficulties brought about by the events that happened. In this way, readers can learn about American history when reading the novel as these were intertwined with the life of the heroine in the Mitchell’s novel. For younger readers, Scarlett O’Hara’s development from teenaged girl to mature woman proves as fascinating now as it did when the book was first published in 1936 or when the movie first appeared in 1939. The particular, indeed peculiar energy of the story proceeds from Mitchell’s own girlhood, adolescence, and young adult life. During these years she heard the family legends of the Civil War era into which she projected her own development toward womanhood. The novel combines Mitchell’s family and personal romances with historical facts to create powerful and popular fiction. Also, it was a great hit during the time of its publication because many people can relate it to the Great Depression that happened in the 1920s. As Beye (1993) writes: Gone With the Wind was published in the depths of the Great Depression. The years of the Depression were followed by the Second World War. It is not hard to see how it spoke to an American audience of that period. The economic and social disaster that the Civil War brought to the white aristocracy of the old South is a good metaphor for the economic and social dislocation that millions of ordinary Americans experienced between 1936 and 1946. Suddenly vast numbers of people were devastated by hunger, homelessness, and joblessness. Often, however, they were also freed from middle class gentility; women especially were freed from propriety; classes were mixed up; immigrant groups became richer and freer in the experience of America; war made women independent of men as never before. Reading the book was an awe-inspiring experience, although there are parts that can be dragging. All in all, the love story was quite enthralling indeed and readers can both enjoy the plot of the story and take a slice of American history without a sweat. Works Cited Beye, Charles Rowan. â€Å"Gone with the Wind, and Good Riddance, Southwest Review 78.3 (Summer 1993): 366-80. Millichap, Joseph R. â€Å"Margaret Mitchell: Overview†, in Berger, Laura Standley (Ed.), Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers, 1st ed. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. Mitchell, Margaret. Gone With the Wind.

Love and Happiness

According to the Webster dictionary love is to share one’s life, and downfalls; not just ones personal property; love is an affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties; a strong feeling of attraction. Being honest about you and allowing the other person involved in the relationship to really get to know who you really are. Happiness is an agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment. To love and be loved is the beauty of life; many people yearn for peace, love and happiness myself included. Love brings happiness that is what we are made to think from very early stages in life. Must we make others happy for us to be happy; therefore there are some dangerous myths in life that can keep you from being happy; it’s a bad life where we try to please others throughout life; if this fouls people usually bitter resentful and in most cases hateful to people we fail to please. If we do not resist the planked seed of co-dependence we are doomed to live for others. Collins II Love is a present experience; it has no opposite and is the union and connection of all things. Love is vast; infinitely vast; love expands with wisdom, patience and kindness. It is so expansive that it even contains room for all fears to nestle into. Love embraces all fears; within love, seeds of fear can either grow or remain unchanged or these seeds can transform and blossom into more love. Love welcomes both the unchanged fears and the transformed ones. love has room for all things at all times; for judgment, weakness, and disappointment, as well as for joy, compassion and peace. All experience nestle and find room within the open cradle and forever accepting, expanding nature of love. Happiness is much more than what an article could describe; some people describe happiness as the feeling you experience when you realize that everything is exactly as it should be; some define it as the state of feeling that you experience after reaching your goal; while others define it as having inner peace. Happiness is perspective dependent emotion; it means that what could make someone happy could not be of importance to someone else. Happiness is just like love it is energy and when it’s shared it brings out the best results; try thinking of a moment when you share a joke with a friend the laughter brings out the best that makes you feel good and happy. Although this is what gives a good feeling; a happy person in fact can attract a lot of love because in fact its easily reflected in every activity; otherwise this creates a strong bond between love and happiness; however people will always return your Collins III charming smile, even though they are frowning and looking angry people will scowl at you. There is a common edge that â€Å"life is hard and we have to struggle to be happy; with this in mind I tend to differ to our expectations of struggles and problems. It’s amazing when things are moving so swiftly for us; we subconsciously wait for the storm to come. Life was meant to be easy but pessimism interferes with the flow of happiness in our lives. Open your heart to love and happiness and you will experience a breakthrough in love and happiness; there are time when you feel a lot of joy in your heart; but nevertheless the peace you feel within your heart should beneath your soul. You choose to be happy and worry less; meanwhile you will have successful romantic relationship if you are positive about yourself; however you and others will enjoy life as well as relaxing, being together without going out of your way to impress other. This is a misconception that loves and happiness is truly a goal to attend in the future; a lone each passing day you should bring a new and unique experience to you and your love one; to share one’s life and down falls; not just ones personal property; happiness is a agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from fortune or propitious happening of any kind. Happiness is a perspective dependent emotion. Commitment is needed in order to build a beautiful relationship; without commitment love and happiness would not be able to grow.

Exercises Essay

I think it is an appropriate metaphor. Brain has the faculty of talking, laughing, crying, thinking and so forth. Without brain, human cannot exist. In the similar way, engine performs all the functions in the vehicle. The car is consisted of more than 20,000 parts. Even though it is not small number, it is nothing when it compared to the human neuron system. Anyway, neuron system is controlled by brain, of course, car parts are controlled by engine. Therefore, when there is a little bit damage at any part of the brain, specific features cannot be operated. It is the same story about the vehicle. There are four evidences. First, if placing an object in the sprit brain patient’s hand, left-right asymmetry observed. Second, when showing an image in the sprit brain patient’s visual field, the asymmetry is observed. Third, dichotic listening test shows language is lateralized. Left hemisphere is superior for linguistic stimuli such as syllable however right hemisphere is superior for nonverbal stimuli such as environmental sounds. Finally, the corpus callosum makes the two halves become two different mental spheres. The answer is NO. The evidence is provided by the patterns of neuronal activity in people reading different kinds of writing. For instance, Japanese language has two systems of writing. One is kana which is based on the sound system of the language. The other system, kanji, is not based on that system. Japanese with left hemisphere damage are impaired in their ability to read kana, while people with right hemisphere damage are impaired in their ability to read kanji. Plus, experiments suggest that the right hemisphere is better and faster than the left hemisphere at reading kanji, and vice versa.

Understanding the new digital economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Understanding the new digital economy - Essay Example One of the biggest influences of the modifying terrain of transacting business is the social media which provides an unconscious system and medium through which many people converge, interact and exchange information (Ghosh, 2012). The hypothesis put forward for this paper is that: the social media has had a major impact on users and this has transformed the cultural and economic practices and impacted on the fashion industry with an emphasis on blogging and social media marketing. The aim of this paper is to identify the political economic perspectives in today’s world and the impact of the social media on users as well as cultural and economic practices in the world. The following pointers will form the core highlights of the study: This paper fundamentally aims at identifying the main influence and impact of the social media on the way in which individuals and groups of people perceive cultural and social matters and systems. To this end, the paper will critique various secondary sources in order to draw conclusions and inferences on the impact of social media on current trends and processes. This section will involve a critical review of secondary sources and other documents to lay the theoretical and definitive framework. To this end, the literature review will evaluate fundamental definitions and ideas that form the basic framework and discussions in this topic. Also, the literature review will integrate important elements and aspects of theories and concepts that are important in providing the parameters within which discussions and analysis can be done. The new digital economy is an economy based on digital technologies (Tapscott, 2012). This implies that the new digital economy is steeped in the fact that it is a system that enables people to transact various forms of business activities over digital systems and processes. â€Å"The world economy is now characterised by sluggish growth in

Death is not the truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Death is not the truth - Essay Example Tolstoy saw life as something that ought to be avoided, rather than sought or wished for. But a critical analysis of Tolstoy’s view on life shows that his view on life is flawed and untrue. Tolstoy’s view of life is false, first and foremost, on logical grounds. To lay bare the logical weaknesses of Tolstoy’s anti-life argument, it is necessary to first analyze his argument logically, and then point out its weaknesses. Tolstoy’s nihilistic attitude to life was informed by his experiences in life which made him to conclude that life is utterly meaningless. Tolstoy was brought up in a Christian Orthodoxy family and he was taught catechism, but later in life, he lost his faith and stopped going to church. Prior to developing this anti-life attitude, Tolstoy had attempted many things in life in an effort to become wealthy and famous. He had committed all sorts of evils to achieve this goal (Tolstoy, 18). Tolstoy, also, tried very hard to be perfect in whatever he did, so as to become a respected and a famous person. Eventually, Tolstoy’s efforts paid off and he achieved his objectives of becoming wealthy and famous; Tolstoy had stable family, his businesses were doing well, and he was a respected and a well known person. But despite these achievements, Tolstoy wasn’t a happy person; he became deeply distressed in life. At one point he contemplated committing suicide (Tolstoy, 29). Amidst this emotional torture, it dawned on Tolstoy that despite all his achievements in life, death was the inevitable eventuality awaiting him. Tolstoy realized that soon or later, he would die, decompose, and all his efforts and achievements in life would be all in vain. Tolstoy, therefore, conceived life as one big evil that ought to be avoided. He saw the whole of life as being useless since no matter how much we struggle to be successful, we will ultimately die and leave everything that we have worked for.Tolstoy’s argument of life as being meaningless can be logically expressed as follows: First premise, it is meaningless to live and eventually die Second Premise, in human life death is inevitable Conclusion, human life, is therefore, meaningless A critical and logical analysis of this argument shows that the argument is indeed valid, for the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises, but the argument is, however, unsound. While the second premise is true, that death is an inevitable eventuality to all human beings, the first premise, however, is false because the meaning of life doesn’t lie in whether or not human life is mortal or immortal. A critical analysis of this proposition that, it is meaningless to live and die, shows that Tolstoy is wrong in this claim. The main reason that Tolstoy would use to counter my thesis and to support his claim that it is meaningless to live and eventually die, is that after death, we will not be able to enjoy the fruits of our labour and all our fame and our k nowledge/learning in life will become of no more use to us. So on this basis, Tolstoy concludes that life is meaningless. Tolstoy was influenced to make this conclusion by the fact that, even while we are alive, despite our outstanding achievements in life, life is full of misery and, therefore, there is no point of living in perpetual struggle and misery, and eventually we die. Tolstoy, therefo

Discrimination Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Discrimination - Term Paper Example By feeling threatened, productivity of the minority group is sure to go down to the extent that organizations and entities lose valuable human potential (Crosby, Stockdale, & Ropp, 2007). On the other hand, suits of discrimination result in costly lawsuits against the firms and can result in loss of reputation and goodwill which cannot easily be recovered. It is therefore, of utmost importance that organizations address this area by curbing discriminatory practices. The paper shall shed light on two of the most common forms of discrimination, race and sex. Before delving into specific cases of discrimination, it is important to know what discrimination is and what psychological notions give birth to it. Theories regarding the way people view themselves and how they feel about themselves are aplenty in psycho-sociological literature. Since what we perceive about ourselves is kernel to what we think we are, what we think we can do, and how best we think we can do it (Tan, Dalisay, Zhang, Han, & Merchant, 2010), one can find a vast number of studies regarding the nature of self-perception and its relation to other constructs. Because studies in this field focus on the basic human need to understand who they are and why they exist, self-perception is arguably one of the most significant cognitive structures organizing an individuals experience and, thus, has been represented as an appropriate starting point for developing a cognitive theory of how individuals learn from their past experiences (Tan, Dalisay, Zhang, Han, & Merchant, 2010). Stereotyping has been a common cause of discrimination since time immemorial. Research suggests the two most common paradigms of stereotyping are the cognitive and affective dimensions (Schneider D. J., 2004). The cognitive component delineates on the fact that stereotyping results from an oversimplification of information that is processed by our mental

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both Essay - 1

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both governments and business - Essay Example These businesses include those reliant on fossil fuels in production or others that produce products that are the source of carbon emissions themselves. However, since everything comes at a cost, businesses are reluctant to combat the challenges that are bringing climate change. Climate change in general has affected businesses in all the industries regardless of their size. The primary reason for this assertion is the fact that the world is largely dependent on fossil fuels, the burning of which results in CO2 emissions, for its energy needs. Chief science adviser to Tony Blair, Sir David King believed that climate change has even greater threats than those posed by terrorism (Carey, 2004). The immediate reaction, as to what should we do in this regard, would be to develop alternatives for fossil fuels. What those alternatives are is then the challenge for businesses and governments to address. John Carey in his cover story for Bloomberg Business Week believes that the idea is to cu t down on usage of fossil fuels and to develop energy efficient vehicles and factories (Carey, 2004). The main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions however remains the energy sector. Surprisingly, and for the greater good, businesses adopting methods to address these concerns are thriving. Climate Group, an effort by companies and governments, helps to share stories of corporate success. Michael Northrop from the Climate Group says, "It's impossible to find a company that has acted and has not found benefits" (Carey, 2004). Although evidence exists of the energy sector benefitting from changes, the challenge exists in changing the dimensions of the industry to accommodate environmentally friendly substitutes to fossil fuels. Many companies are however reluctant to invest the appropriate amount of both time and money to find the most viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Oil companies have been primarily responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and have allegedly failed to restrict their contribution in the name of profit (Monteleone, pp. 144-154, 2007). Thus, it then poses a question to governments as to what should policy be aimed at. The answer is not that simple as even that comes at cost. Limits on pollution in the form tradable permits are being sought as a solution by the EU and the US in an attempt to curb greenhouse emissions. CEO of Xcel Energy Inc. Mr Wayne H. Brunetti says that one solution would be to give the companies the chance to figure out a solution and to allow them to set goals for 50 years down the road. He also stresses on the need for flexibility and the need for cooperation between institutions (Carey, 2004). The concerns of governments and environmental activists however are not restricted to the energy sector. Intel Corporation, the world’s largest chipmaker has been under scrutiny for its contribution to climate change. The challenge then again for businesses is to look for substitutes.  Intel’s Stephen Harper says that the search for alternatives is still on and they are planning to find solutions to the growing concerns about climate change (Carey, 2004). Surprising enough is the contribution of animal farms to the greenhouse process. The contributions made by the animal agricultural sector to greenhouse gas em

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Allen infers that he never bothers to use a more energy intensive and expensive technology in areas where a simple technology can serve a similar purpose. In place of industrial fertilizer, he opts to create his own compost rations that serve the same purpose as the industrial fertilizer. The captioned picture in the book where Allen is standing at the top of a gigantic compost pile speaks volume of the sheer capacity of a simple technology which is less energy intensive. The compost is made from recycled farm waste, brewery waste, coffee grounds, and food waste. The composting operation is run in a greenhouse that absorbs several thousand pounds of coffee grounds from the surrounding restaurants and mash which is an output from an organic restaurant. Other inputs include tons of vegetables and fruits that are usually collected from local food banks. The composting process emits enough heat to warm up the greenhouses during the freezing winters in Milwaukee. In case of alternative, heaters and lighting in the greenhouse can be used to warm up the structure. This would have been a more costly exercise as heaters and lighting equipment would have to be acquired at a cost and additional costs put in place for fuel or electricity. Simple technology from the compost making process has addressed the problem. The way the compost is managed also depicts Allen’s preference towards simple technology which is energy efficient. Instead of commercially manufactured enzymes, Growing Power uses thousands of worms which are tasked with the responsibility of producing castings by breaking down the food scraps (Allen & Charles 62). The process makes compost and top-grade organic fertilizer every eight weeks. The thousands of worms are equally bred in huge bins which are made out of scrap lumber. Allen finds ways to innovate through fabrications of much simpler version of technology which achieves the desired

High Noon at Alpha Mills Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

High Noon at Alpha Mills Case - Essay Example Ever since its formation, the company has been recruiting top management staff from England and other UK countries with the majority of its employees being retired military and police personnel (Woods, 2009). A laborer by the name Mr. Ang Siow Lee first joined the company in 1965 at a tender age of 15 years where he rose to become the senior non-managerial staff in the company. Mr. Ang is a senior production supervisor at the company whereby his only superior is the mill manager and he has two junior supervisors to assist him in his work. The company has three shifts of 25 employees where each supervisor takes charge of one shift. As a manager, Mr. Ang is responsible for quite a number of tasks, which he carries out in the company. He oversees smooth daily operations at the company. Moreover, he is responsible for coordinating all the activities of all the three shifts of the company with his two supervisors. He also prepare the daily pro-action reports, and deals with short term human resource management matters as well as minor issues related with discipline in the company. Mr. Ang is also responsible for setting and evaluation of short-term performances that are targets for the compan y’s three shifts of employees (Springett, 2004). Mr. Ang also acts as an assistant for the manager, which means that he is responsible for all matters before they can send to the manager. In most cases, Mr. Ang successfully evaluates these issues and solves them before reaching the manager. To achieve this success, Mr. Ang has developed an efficient way of handling matters related to the company. In 1999, the palm oil industry in Malaysia faced very many challenges in which Mr. Ang was to play a part to stabilize the situation at Alpha Plantations Sdn. Bhp. The company experienced a plunge in the price of oil due to oversupply, where the prices of oil reduced to

Child Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Abuse - Essay Example It is due to this clinical background training in systematic investigation techniques, and evidence in collecting of data (, e.g. bruises, lacerations) that allows the forensic nurse to be part of child abuse prevention/investigation team.   Child abuse can be defined as physical abuse/neglect, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse/ neglect. While child abuse has been known to involve the physical, psychological, social, emotional, and sexual maltreatment of children, the survival, safety, self-esteem, growth and development of the child is threatened (Hick, 2006, p. 127). The extent of child abuse is depressingly wide. It crosses all economic, cultural, religious, and geographical boundaries. Physical abuse of children covers such things as deliberate violence that causes any kind of injury or even death to a child. As Richard J. Gelles (1982) states in his article â€Å"Child Abuse and Family Violence†, physical acts of child abuse include punching, biting, kicking, beating, and threatening to use or using a weapon against a child (28). Signs of this type of abuse can be found on the body in the form of bruises, scars, broken bones, burn marks, or deformities. However, such injuries may not be present even though ab use has occurred. As stated by Gelles (1982), many children have been pushed downstairs or punched and kicked by their parents without receiving a concussion or broken bones (28). Physical neglect involves the negligence of a guardian to provide the necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical attention necessary to the physical well-being of a child. Sexual abuse, which sometimes occurs along with physical abuse, involves an adults use of a child for sexual gratification. Very often, it is a family member that perpetrates the abuse, but sometimes strangers are involved. Alvin A Rosenfeld offers the following precise definition:   The phrase, sexual abuse of children refers to a disparate array of situations that

Bioswale final deliverable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bioswale final deliverable - Essay Example This issue combined with the excessive rain washes contaminants from cars that drive through these areas polluting the water that remains stuck for long periods of time in these ditches.Onesolution for this problem is the construction of a Bioswale as seen in Figure 1, which is designed to remove silt and pollution from surface and runoff water by acting as a natural bio-filter. The construction of a Bioswale would also help prevent mosquito nesting and would reduce the types of fumigation toxics which are sprayed in these areas to keep the mosquito population down. We will work closely with our community partner, ERAUFacility Management, in the designing and implementation of the Bioswale. Stormwater, parking lot, rooftop and residential water runoff can cause significant pollution in various cities and residential areas. Undeveloped areas provide a means of controlling surface runoff, but when rain falls on developed areas, infiltration and absorption of water is diminished. In most developed urban areas, the stormwater carries a lot of trash, heavy metals, bacteria and other pollutants generated in urban centers, hence degrading the quality of water in the receiving water bodies. Harmel et al 8 (715) â€Å"Water is drained through the collection systems that convey the surface run off to water bodies like the rivers and lakes† . Additionally, high flows are dangerous to buildings, animals, and human beings. It can cause erosion and floods that damage properties, infrastructure, and habitats. Green infrastructure such as bioswales, permeable pavements, it has been emphasized in Booth et al 3(p 315), that planter boxes and rain gardens can be used to manage storm water and create healthier environments in urban centers† Booth et al 3 (315). â€Å"Bioswales are vegetated, mulched linear ditches designed to control stormwater through infiltration, conveyance, and filtration† (Jurries 8). They are intended to enhance the function of conveying systems by

Binding Performance Management System Changes and Organisational Essay

Binding Performance Management System Changes and Organisational Culture - Essay Example The packaging industry has become increasingly lucrative, but local and international competition intensified. By the late 1990s, the global sales of the industry reached $400 billion, with the U.S. making up $115 billion, followed by Asia and Western Europe. Consumer packaging accounted for 70% of sales, followed by industrial packaging revenues at 30%. The influence of packaging on marketing products cannot be undermined. For traditional retailers, packaging is seen as more influential than advertising in affecting purchasing decisions and customer loyalty. The industry trends are increased corporate consolidation, market segmentation of domestic consumer packaging markets, and vertical integration of packaging business models. The challenges for Sonoco come from its ability to respond to external threats and opportunities by managing its internal weaknesses and strengths. The opportunities are one-stop packaging business models with high flexibility and customisation levels, the c ontinued demand for market-oriented packaging, especially for consumer markets, availability of global talent, and becoming more receptive to diversity and environmental issues at national and international levels. ... Hence, the primary challenge for Sonoco is using its strengths to reduce its weaknesses, and to ultimately handle the opportunities and threats in the packaging industry. The main tasks of Hartley are as follows: 1) to reduce HR cost by 20%; 2) to improve the linkage between HR functions and business strategies; and 3) to standardise HR systems and functions. Overall, Hartley is in charge of transforming the HR structure and organisational culture. Hartley’s total approach included professionalising the HR system and making it more business-oriented. She designed policies that shaped compensation, performance management, employee development, and succession planning. In order to support these policies, she created an advisory HR council that was comprised of divisional HR heads and key individuals from corporate HR. She also formed an advisory team of divisional GMs to help attain high buy in. This study discusses the theoretical framework of the main concepts and issues of th e case. Performance management (PM) is a critical aspect of Sonoco’s HR change efforts because it is linked with its organisational issues of compensation, employee development, and succession planning. The vision of the PM system must be distinct, clear, and compelling. This vision can be connected further to the corporate vision, so that management levels and personnel understand how PM affects the overall direction of the company. Hendry et al. (2006) stressed the link between company vision and HR functions (51). Greer and Virick (2008) asserted that diversity management is connected to successful succession planning. Furthermore, PM changes must be

Response to Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Response to Intervention - Essay Example The case study shows how response to intervention might work in preschools. Possible advantages, problem areas, and practice implications are discussed. The promise of a response to intervention (RTI) framework stems from its focus on prevention, empirically based and sequentially designed interventions, progress monitoring, and data-based decision making. Prevention is used in two ways: (a) long-term prevention of risk and (b) specific prevention of challenging behaviors through instructional and antecedent environmental interventions (e.g., Neilsen & McEvoy, 2004). Building on discussions of RTI as a broad-spectrum model (e.g., Batsche et al., 2005), one that encompasses variables to reduce social and academic risks, this article presents RTI as a potential method of answering preschool service delivery questions. Following a presentation of a context for challenging behaviors and a RTI model that includes strategies for addressing early risk indicators, a case study demonstrates its application in a Head Start setting. Advantages, challenges, and role implications are discussed. In the present use, challenging refers to inappropriate, disturbing, or harmful behaviors that might be pervasive social excesses or deficits, situational disturbances, low activity engagement, and episodic crises. Extreme challenges have included highly aggressive children with other characteristics such as minimal language and behaviors such as elopement (e.g., Tarbox, Wallace, & Williams, 2003). Most evident has been the amount of child risk, need for family support, and the deleterious effects on classrooms (e.g., Carr, Taylor, & Robinson, 1991). In the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA 04; IDEIA, 2004), these early challenges are variously referred to as emotional and behavior problems that might lead to serious emotional disturbance, possible characteristics of autism spectrum disorders, or inappropriate behaviors of children described as disabled that might require positive behavior interventions and supports. Internalizing, externalizing, or psychiatric classifications may be used. RTI provides a functional classification system that fits the challenges of young children and that may avoid inappropriate labeling (Barnett, Bell, Gilkey et al., 1999). Prevalence estimates for behavioral challenges show rates as high as 7-25% in preschool populations, with higher estimates in high-risk populations (e.g., Feil, Walker, Severson, & Ball, 2000; Qi & Kaiser, 2003). Waiting for children who are at risk to begin schooling is late for prevention and intervention as considerable research links early challenges to later serious problems of adjustment (e.g., Campbell, Pierce, March, Ewing, & Szumowski, 1994). RTI in Preschools and Head Start Foundations exist for RTI components in preschools, including systemswide early intervention, positive supports, and problem solving (IDEIA 04; Prasse, 2006). RTI principles might be applied generally in early childhood, but here we focus on a Head Start program because these programs serve children and families

Law Of Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law Of Contract - Essay Example The terms of a contract determine the rights and obligations of each and every part of the contract. In other words, the terms are the basis on which the promises of a contract are carried out and it sets the standards of the contract. Chris Field states that before entering a contract, various statements must be made to induce the contract.Since a contract involves the promises to exchange consideration, the parties to a contract are bound by the contract by the terms of the contract.The terms of a contract can be stated expressly or implied. In other words, the terms of a contract can be stated in clear and defined terms. Typical examples of an express term include terms that are disclosed orally or in writing. Such terms are clear and definite. They can be acted upon with much more easily and in a clear and defined manner.On the other hand, there are terms of contracts that are implied. This includes terms that are inferred by a reasonable person by observing the conduct of the ot her party or by comparing a party's action to the normal behavior or by statute.Aside from classifying terms of contracts into implied and explicit, there is the classification of contracts based on their significance to the entire legal process. In this vein, there are conditions and warranties as well as intermediate terms. These classifications are based on the significance of the terms to the fundamental consideration and the significance of other related elements of the contract and the consideration of the contract.... Conditions The conditions of a contract are the important terms of the contract that affect the fundamental consideration that defines the contract9. The are vital elements of the contract that brings the contract into being and without it, the contract is fundamentally flawed. Conditions usually include the description of the subject matter of the contract10. In other words, the conditions are often the basis for the exchange of the main substance or essence of the entire contract. Failure to live up to the conditions of a contract will usually mean that the contract becomes non-existent and cannot be considered a contract anymore. A practical example of a condition is where Mr A offers a car to Mr. B for AUD10,000. The fundamental term of the contract or the condition of the contract involves a car and AUD10,000. Whereas Mr B is bargaining for a car, Mr. A is also hoping to get AUD10,00 from Mr B. So these two items form the basis of the contract and are the conditions for the cont ract. So conditions include the issues directly relating to the consideration that is being bargained for by both parties of a contract11. They are major matters which bind the parties into the contract for the primary purpose for which the contract was formulated in the first place. In Poussard V Spiers (1876), Poussard was engaged to perform in an opera in London that was to last for three months12. Poussard fell ill a few days before the opera was to begin and a different performer was contracted in her stead. A week later, Poussard became well and sought to take her place in the opera. It was ruled that her sickness led to a fundamental breach of the contract. In other words, her sickness made it impossible for her to discharge her fundamental role in the opera,

Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style Essay

Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style - Essay Example The essay "Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style" discusses the role of fashion in the changing of style. Irrespective of the degree of change in style; we are going through a phase of fashion revolution. The following factors are responsible for the continual change in fashion. The change in the society or social trends is highly evident if we focus on the dress of women. Over the years the style of dressing of women has undergone a considerable change. This can be attributed to the emancipation, equality and independence of women. There has been a remarkable change in the attitudes of and towards women and this attitudinal change is directly linked with their dresses. The past century has experienced the change in the dress of women the most. Before 1920’s women used to be confined indoors. Slowly they started venturing outside. They started attending social events and their past time included outdoor games in the early part of 20th century. So their dresses underwent changes providing them freedom in movement. Some even started moving out of homes for becoming career women. The outcome was a further change in their attitudes and style of their dresses. Emphasis was given on their comfort as they started spending long hours outside. Another indication of changing times and changing fashions was the vogue for the tango. Tango teas and tango parties became all the rage well before 1914†¦slinky dresses with their slit hems were ideally suited to the fashionable contortions. of the new dance, for which the traditional tea-gown would have been utterly incongruous. (p.77) While researching the style during 1930's, Ewing (1975) has observed: Where all kinds of women were leading busy, active lives, simple fashions were desirable for ordinary daily comings and goings, with the luxury of long low-cut gowns reserved for evenings. At this time evening dress were worn very widely in Britain on a great variety of occasions and by the working girl and the middle class housewife as well as by the Duchess and debutante. (p.111) With the advent of beach custom, fashion changed again as the favorite past time drifted from games to sun tanning on the beach. During the 1950's the most remarkable change in the swimming costume was the introduction of bikinis. The new independent superwomen of the 21st century, with their jobs, their money and secure futures are following new fashion with leaps and bounds. They are choosing dresses that enhance their personality as well as enable them to carry out the responsibilities of their jobs with ease. Since they are financially strong they are always in look of something different and this is one of the reasons why fashion is changing rapidly and continually. Other social trend that brought a change in fashion was the growing self-sufficiency of the middle class and men's interest in looking better. Gone are the days when fashion was considered to be the domain of only rich and famous or those belonging to the fairer sex. Today fashion has no barriers. Rich and not so rich, men and women, young and old and even children are becoming fashion conscious. So whatever style, the rich are following, are being followed by the poor also. The same designs are being copied on shoestring budgets by compromising a little on the quality

Artifical hydration in pallitiaive care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Artifical hydration in pallitiaive care - Essay Example 2). The palliative care in the UK is grounded on three developmental stages that are significant in comprehending the modern palliative care setting. The initial phase of evolution is concerned with the creation of a haven for dying individuals and giving of terminal care. The second level of advancement is the growth of contemporary hospice lobby. The last stage concentrates on the change from hospice to palliative care (Have & Janssens 2001, p. 85-86). As argued by Have & Janssens (2001), in the UK, palliative care is mostly provided to patients suffering from cancer although other patients that have terminal illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Parkinson’s disease, and advanced heart disease among other conditions that cannot be cured also qualify for the care (p.94). The national umbrella organisation, that facilitates palliative care in the UK, are NCPC (National Council for Palliative Care) and SPPC (Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care). This paper will discuss the artificial hydration in palliative care, its advantages and disadvantages and significance for the patient and end of life care. The discussion revolves around a community setting in the UK. The community palliative care teams provide palliative care in the rural areas. Most of the patients attended to in the community are those that decided to die at home. The services given receive funding from individua l charitable bodies and others by the National Health Service (NHS) (Have & Janssens 2001, p. 94). The artificial hydration in palliative care refers to the administration of fluids into the patient’s body through parenteral routes, nasogastric tube, gastrostomy and nasojejunostomy as a key necessity for nourishment. The truth is that artificial feeding cannot match the natural way of eating through the mouth

Lord Liverpool’s Government Essay Example for Free

Lord Liverpool’s Government Essay Liverpool faced many economic and financial problems, as well as some political problems. Some of these problems included national debt, unemployment, wars with France and America and popular protest groups. Each of these factors also contributed to the popular unrest which occurred during this period. Liverpool was highly effective in defeating Napoleon and also in dealing with protest groups. Additionally he was also successful in bringing about some economic prosperity as well as reducing the deficit. However he was least effective in gaining the support of Prince Regent. Liverpool was most successful in winning the war with Napoleon in 1815. Liverpool had been the only person which had been able to defeat Napoleon to date which consequently made him seem unbeatable. During the war Napoleon implemented an ‘economic blockade’. In response the British tried to stop America from trading with certain countries, this hardened American opinion of the British and they now wanted independence. This eventually led to another war, however this was resolved in a few years. Liverpool’s military success led to him gaining much support and therefore strengthening his position. Liverpool was also successful – to an extent in restoring economic prosperity. The war had disrupted British trade and economy and it had also encouraged British economy to over specialise in war industries which resulted in inflation and rising prices. The Corn Laws which were implemented in 1815 caused bread prices to rise rapidly in the poor harvest of 1816; this angered many working class people and caused a lot of popular unrest, it also made Liverpool very unpopular, the corn laws benefited the upper classes. Additionally by 1815 Britain had and  £861 million national debt and the deficit had reached  £13 million. The income tax which had been imposed in 1799 and brought in  £15 million was defeated by 37 votes and abolished in March 1816. This meant that the government lost a substantial amount of revenue therefore worsening the economic state of the coun try. Further the end of the Napoleonic war in 1815 caused depression as the economy shifted from a war economy to a peacetime one. Liverpool’s government thought lower tariffs on imported goods would mean lower prices for costumers and therefore increasing demand and stimulating trade which would mean economic prosperity. Liverpool’s main source of revenue was the indirect tax. During this time the government was also under increasing pressure gain the support of the people as in the election of 1818 they had lost seats. The government was severely embarrassed over its handling of Peterloo, the spy system and the Queen Caroline Affair. Matters were only made worse by Castlereagh’s weak defence of the government position in each of the matters. The government was in deep embarrassment and on the verge of losing support from voters. As a response Liverpool shuffled the cabinet in 1822. Canning was appointed as foreign secretary. This was highly controversial and further cabinet changes took places. This was an attempt to make the restore the people’s faith in the government and Liverpool hoped to regain some credibility. This reshuffle provided the impression of change, however this was not really the case therefore it wasn’t particularly effective in solving any problems. There was also much radical threat in Britain at the time. During this time Liverpool did several things to try and suppress radical action: introduced the six acts, suspended the Habeas Corpus and the Seditions meeting act. Also people were transported and some were executed due to Luddite protests. These acts allowed the magistrates to take action necessary in order to prevent any action which seemed revolutionary. This made the government seems repressive and reactionary. This was also the first time any government had to deal with mass protest and therefore it could be said that perhaps for the experience they had, the government dealt with matters fairly effectively. Although there are perhaps better ways in which it could have been handled the government was somewhat effective in oppressing revolutionary protest. Liverpool was clearly most effective are regards military action – winning the war with Napoleon and also restoring the peace with America. As regards to the economic and financial problems Liverpool was somewhat successful in reducing the problem rather than getting rid of it.

A Modest Proposal Essay Example for Free

A Modest Proposal Essay A Modest Proposal is a satiric essay by Jonathan Swift, written in 1729. It is aimed at the rich landowners of Ireland who are keeping the poor of Ireland in poverty and virtual starvation. The narrator is Swift, who seems to be making a strong case for cannibalism as a method for solving the problem of hunger and overpopulation in one ostensibly simple solution. He proposes that the Irish should sell their children under the age of one year as meat for the tables of the wealthy. The problems Swift describes are primarily the number of poor in Ireland who are being forced to work for food in amounts less than that which is needed to feed their families. He hints that because of their religion they over-breed, being catholic and not practicing birth control. The same problems described by Swift in the 18th century are occurring today in many parts of the world. Hunger exists and children are born into families too poor and uneducated to do anything about a pregnancy when they cannot feed or clothe the children they have. The U. N. attempts to ameliorate the hunger but nothing is done about the source of the problem so the food only fuels a new generation who are doomed to be as hungry as the one before it. Swift argues that marriage could be looked upon as a method of producing children as meat for the tables of the rich and that the union of a couple would have great financial benefits. They could produce meat children as a farmer raises pigs for slaughter. Swift speaks ironically of his proposals having the benefit, â€Å"Of teaching landlords to have at least one degree of mercy toward their tenants,† (Swift). Bibliography Swift, J. A Modest Proposal 1729.

Ways Of Overcoming These Barrier English Language Essay

Ways Of Overcoming These Barrier English Language Essay Good evening ladies and gentlemen. Today I would like to give a speech on the effect of communication barriers and overcoming these barriers. As we all know, communication is the basic needs for everyone to communicate in order to develop in social skills. Sometimes communication can involve only one person, usually when the individual is having a self-thought over something or making a decision. Communication is also an activity which allows each party who communicate to share information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or information. Communication in an organization usually requires more than one person in order in work out on daily productivity and being successful. Communication usually requires a message sender and a recipient to receive the message by the sender. There are different types of communication usually involve in an organization, one of them is the verbal communication. Verbal communication includes sound, language, speaking and words. Verbal communication occurs in an organization usually when one person involves face-to-face conversation to other, meeting, teleconference and presentation. A good verbal communication is inseparable part of business of organization communication. Since business requires you to be able to communicate with the person you come across with various races or culture, a fluent verbal communication is important as it will help you deal better with people in business or during a meeting. Self-confidence also plays an important role in business and communication which with the fluency of communication skills it will lead to success. Public speaking is also a verbal communication which a group of people have to be addressed. Preparing a speech before it starts is important in order to be effective. In public speaking, it is necessary to prepare according to the type of audience you are going to give speech to. The way, you can prevent any boredom from the audience while you are giving speech. Your speech should contain a content which is authentic and prepare enough information on the topic chosen for public speaking. The main point of your speech must be delivered in a correct order. There are many skills in public speaking and these skills should be practiced well in order to have an effective speech. Another type of communication would be the non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a communication which involved in a physical way and no words are used, it is also known as body language, for example the motion of the body, tone of voice, appearance, or eye contact. Body posture and physical contact can convey information. Non-verbal communication is also important as it can express the feelings of an individual through facial expressions. By non-verbal communication, it helps you understand better on how the person you are communicating with feel and know the person better. Written communication is a communication which words are written in the order you want to communicate. In written communication, we exchange information with language written. Well written communication is important in business. It provides proof and exchange of documentation Examples of written communications are E-mail, memo, faxes, reports, article or letters. Before written communication take place, it is possible to make amendment and edit limitless of times before the message of the sender was sent to the receiver to whom the communication is intended. This is one of the advantages in written communication as one of the major means in business which provides black and white statement. Written communication is not only used in formal business purposes but it can also be used informally. Mobile short messaging system (SMS) is one of the informal ways in written communications. Visual communication is visual display of information which usually involved pictures. In visual communication, the recipient receives the message from a signboard, banners, advertisement, display or maps. The signboard or banner of McDonalds indicates that the fast food eating joints, which is a form of visual communication. Visual communication is also important but it depends on how the recipient interprets the message with the sign on it. Effective communication is important in order to success in any type of business and also in an informal way. Without a good communication skill, nothing can be archived. Therefore, it is important to develop in communication skills. One must understand the type of communications which are equally important and it is a must to develop in such skills in all medium. Communication Barriers However, if any disturbance blocks the step of communication, the message is destroyed. This is called communication barriers. Communication Barriers involved distraction from noise, language understanding difference or using jargon, and lack of interest in topic during a conversation, lack of focus from distraction and the use of over complicated or unfamiliar terms to the recipient. The common thing in communication barriers is both sender and receiver have an absence of common frame of reference which is affecting the smooth interpretation of meaning, feeling, attitude and thoughts from the sender to the receiver from the specific topic of conversation. Distractions from noises which causes communication barrier usually take place in an environment which is crowded, where renovation takes place nearby or when someone else is also talking nearby when your conversation take place. A sender sends out the messages which he or she wanted to say, but with the distractions of noise, the receiver could not fully receive the message and could not interpret the message sent by the sender, which misunderstanding in the conversation will occur. Language barrier indicates the difficulties faced when both the sender and receiver do not have any languages in common attempt to communicate with each other. Language barrier happens usually when travelling abroad for a business trip. This is common during multinational meetings. Different countries have their own local language, foreign who visited the other country who does not know their language find it difficult to communicate with the local people is also a language barrier in communication. Even communicating with both using the same language, a linguistic difference will also lead to a communication barrier. Certain same words with many different types of meaning will lead to misinterpretation. For example the word value, it can represent the meaning of worthiness of something with its importance and usefulness or a principle standard or quality which is worthwhile or desirable. Communication barriers will occur if the perception is wrong received by the receiver. Sometimes when you speak too much in a presentation or in a meeting, you have to be aware on the information you shared out rather if it is necessary. This is because the more unnecessary info being shared out, there will be a risk which your listeners will misinterpret your point. Lack of focus from the listeners will occur when the speaker prepares a topic which is not interesting, having loads of information which is not really necessary in the presentation or taking long hours in the speech. This will sometimes relate to listeners getting distracted or thinking of something else not related to the speaker. When listeners have lack of knowledge of what is presented by the speaker, it will also cause communication barrier. Too much information from the speaker will lead to the listeners harder to focus effectively on the key point and important messages. Speaking too fast in a presentation can also cause communication barrier, listeners will not likely get the main point which the speaker is trying to share out. Another problem in an organisation which leads to communication barrier is the status of each party. Usually when a listener of the meeting in an organisation has a lower status than the speaker may be very cautious when sending message back and respond to the speaker. They will only talk about something which is related to the topic or something which they think the speaker is interested in. It is related to an organisation which higher status people will refuse in discussing anything which would tent to undermine the authority of the organisation. Some people may think that they should treat people differently based on what status or power they perceive in an organisation. If the employees think that managers or supervisors have power to control over staffs, for example allocating duties for them, promote, reward, or dismiss staff, it may lead to communication barriers before communication even takes place because employee will think that if they say anything which will offend thei r manager, it will affect their productivity. Ways of Overcoming These Barriers Effective communication in an organisation is very important for in order for an organisation to succeed. It is necessary to cope up and deal with these communication barriers to ensure an effective and smooth communication in an organisation. To overcome with the distraction of noise where conversation take place, both the speaker and listener must overcome the barrier by changing their ways of communication or eliminate the noise pollution. Firstly, try to detect the source of the noise, if the noise is possible to be eliminated, consider if its removal is practical. For example, noise outside can be reduced by closing the window or move to an inner place in the building which is far from where the noise come from. Sometimes if there is any renovation nearby the building, consider when is the right time to plan to have your oral communication. It will not be possible to completely remove the noise, but it is possible for the speaker to raise the speech volume. If the listener could not hear properly due to noise, then the listener should request the speaker to speak louder. Listener should practice active listening, this means paying attention to what the speaker is saying, not just hearing what the speaker is saying but also try to understand the speakers point of view. Language barrier is one of the major problems in an organisation as communication is a two-way process. To overcome language barrier, it is advisable to use only one type of language which is used globally and by everyone. Try practise using English in an organisation because it is a language which is used globally. However, dont forget to show respect for local language as well. Adding subtitle or having a translator is also a great way to overcome language barrier. Dont just practice with one language, try to make effort to learn some words either the some or different languages. Just a basic way of saying good morning, hello and thank you in the local way. Before travelling abroad for a business trip, do learn and find out about the culture, language and the local customs of the country first. Especially on body language and how the locals behave. Dont be too sensitive when you are in a foreign country, this is because you are the foreigner and oddity. You may have to respect thei r culture of the country when you are paying a visit or having a meeting with the local people overseas. Do ask for clarification politely and make sure the information is correct when you do not understand what is being told. Never assume that you understand what the speaker has said. Be patient in overcoming this barrier. Cross-cultural communication requires additional time. You cannot expect your communication to occur with the same ease when you are communication with someone else with the same culture as yours. The way to overcome lack of concentration in a presentation or oral communication is to add some image or sound effects which may attract the attention of the listener. Pictures or animation with colours will make a good presentation and would have overcome this barrier. Avoid using idioms in an oral communication. This is because idioms will cause the listener harder to understand the point given by the presenter. Speaker should consider using language clearly and straightforward. By doing so, it is able to prevent unnecessary confusion and misinterpretation. Before planning on a presentation, it is necessary to realize that some information is not essential, this information are advised to be remove from your speech as it will be harder for the listener to get your key point. Try using simple language which is easily understood by many people and only present what is important with information meaning rather than just passing a message itself. Speak slowly and clearly with proper e nunciation and slow down your speech. Try to manage your time and plan well on your oral communication. Even if youre pressuring for time, do not rush through your communication. This will ended up taking more time to clear the confusion if the listener could not really get your point and cause miscommunication and misunderstanding. The reason that status is part of communication barrier is because one in an organisation with a lower status may think that talking directly to their manager or someone with a higher status are not interested in listening what the speaker wants to say or being too serious with a topic which is not related to work. To overcome such barrier, the managers and colleagues should be well informed in what they are doing. Try encouraging employees with a lower status to keep you informed by being respectful and fair-minded in their opinions. Be open-minded in a communication, this will make employees with a lower status feel that saying out their opinion will be considered rather than being rejected. Always be prepare on receiving information even if you think it is not necessary. Because sometimes employees have information to share out, they will first think and afraid that their manager might not like. Status which cause communication barrier can be overcome by the willingness to give an d receive information regardless rather it is good or bad. Conclusion To conclude my speech today, allow me to summarize the main point of my speech. Plan a time and place well to prevent noise distraction from your conversation. Speak louder if necessary to prevent noise distraction to break down your communication. Get everyone to practice using only one language practiced globally, get a translator or add subtitle if a foreigner who doesnt understand your language is attending your presentation. But also dont forget to respect local language and culture. Summarize what you are going to say in an oral communication, longer time or too much information will make the listener confuse and hard to get the point of your view. Prepare what is necessary in your presentation. And lastly, be open in communication in the organisation and always be ready to receive information even if it is going to be a good or bad opinion to prevent communication barrier due to status. Practice the way to overcome these barriers to archive an effective communications in any business organisation in order to succeed. Thank you.

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SRI LANKA

PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SRI LANKA 1. Opening of private university has become common phenomenon in educational arena of Sri Lanka. In present context private sector is considered the key factor in the economic development. Private sector involvement is needy executed move to gain sustainable development. Human recourse is the capital for any country to gain development in social, economic and political sectors. There is less possibility to reach the development targets without promoting human resource. Therefore government universities could not pursue this endeavor themselves. Therefore there is no any harm for private sectors to involve in higher education. 2. Why Private Universities needed. Every year more than 300,000 students sat for the Advance level examination expecting university entrance. But unfortunately only limited number of student get through to the state university. This number may vary between 200,000 and 25,000depending on the situation. Advance level examination in variably become highly competitive because of the rat race. Since the government could not afford the all university qualified students, non qualified students get total frustrated after long time of study and practice in their education process. 3. With the increase of student population the government fond it even difficult to provide equal opportunity to every student in the university system. Because the government is constantly funding the school children from grade one to advance level. This is indeed big money for the government. Not only providing free educational opportunities for every school going children but also providing free school text and book uniforms materials for every child, the government is persuading a great service to promote the standard of school education. Sri Lanka has state run education system which is funded out of taxes from the people. In 2009 government has spent Rs 100.5 billions of people money on the education system according to the Ministry of education. 4. Due to the limited number of state university and non availability of private university most of the talented and intelligent students from both urban and rural area are deprived of their tertiary education. Majority of capable students are forced to terminate education at secondary level not going to the university because of this situation. 5. Those who can afford tertiary education in foreign university could flourish. The student who are unable pursue tertiary education in foreign countries become underutilize resource. However these potential sectors could have been utilize if they had been a system of private university system in Sri Lanka. They have talents and willingness, but unfortunately they dont have opportunities to promote themselves in social mobility. This is the point where private universities can play big role for betterment of the country. 6. Quality of tertiary education in private university. Private university should be allowed to function under the supervision of university grant commissioned making sure that there is quality control mechanism. These universities should not be mere institute which sells degree simply. Here there is a question whether the government should allow the private university to be affiliated to the local existing universities or to well recognize international university. But what really matter is the recognition of the degree offered by these university. Today university education is profit making area. The private sector is interested in investing funds in this sector. 7. Most of the private investors are equipped with latest technology, method of education and information technology. Therefore we can assume that the quality of education in private university would be accepted as to meet the national goal. 8. All the curriculums, examinations should be supervised by government monitoring system in order to maintain constant standard of the degree program. There should be certain guide line on which university can function. The degrees and diploma offered by these universities should be recognized locally and internationally. 9. In order to accomplish above mentioned standard the need of the professional academic staff is compulsory to improve the quality and standard of the education in private university. The service of highly professional and qualified lectures could be utilized by paying competitive wages for them. This situation avoid the Brain Drain that is highly qualified educators going overseas countries for higher income. Their services could be diverted to promote tertiary education is concern. 10. Save foreign exchange within the country. There is a real example of how foreign exchange could be saved within our country. There are number of students spent their money for higher studies in foreign country. Throughout their higher education they have to be away from their home country as well as their loved one. And also they have to spent lot of money for their day to day requirement and it is quiet expensive than they spent their home land. Most of students once after the advance level exam they will not eligible to attend state university. Therefore their parents could afford their children education in foreign university. And also these highly affected to the female gender. Most of them opinion for the state university system concern, if there is a system of private university offering recognized degrees most of Sri Lanka students could able to saved more than half of what they had spent. 11. Due to limited number of state university system in Sri Lanka most student are deprived with their basic degree or diploma. This situation would retard them in social mobility. As a result they find it difficult to get opportunities to get highly paid foreign jobs. This in turn affects flow of foreign exchange to our country. 12. Once private university system established with proper infrastructure facilities as well as offering recognized degree programs the prospective students from foreign country can be attracted to our country for their higher educational requirement. This will bring definitely lot of foreign exchange to our country. 13. The service of local highly qualified professionals can be utilized in private university system instead of foreign professionals, in order to save foreign exchange within our system. It will no doubt enhance the morale conduct of our local professionals. Thereby also their valuable knowledge could be exploited for the betterment of our younger generation. 14. Government involvement in Higher Education. In present scenario university Grant Commission has been empowered to control and administered the educational system in Sri Lanka. In the past university system introduce in Sri Lanka in a very Ad Hoc manner. The university Grant Commission is the competent authority of the university system. 15. The university Grant Commission is a body that has been setup to allocate state resources among the universities. State university system in Sri Lanka has come of age with more than 30 years of existence. However it has been unable to assure the quality of the state university system over which it has direct controlling power. 16. The sad story is that there is no system of rating universities in place and student. The infrastructure facility available in state universities not enough for the students those who are under going for their university education. Due to insufficient of infrastructure facilities learning and teaching process of the university would be retarded. As a result student might get less interest regarding subject matter. In meantime it will lead student struggle against the prevailing system. It is true that the government and University Grant Commission along would not accomplish all these issues arising in the university system. Therefore in this context the involvement of private sector in this regard highly accepted. 17. Competitiveness in university education. Sri Lanka imagine as middle income country needs more and more educated younger generations to achieve goals. A number of universities available at present not enough to meet this challenge. Therefore university and tertiary education has become very competitive. Not only within Sri Lanka itself but also in global condition we experience in the same situation. Access to higher education has been increasing rapidly all over the world. Today due to this situation the model of higher education has change from elite to mass. 18. In state university the student behave sort of arbitrary manner, enjoying free education not concerning about the education they are receiving. But in a situation where they are changed for education will they believe like that when the students have to pay considerably higher amount of money for education they have to struggle to get the maximum use of it. That is the main struggle for them. And their parents also highly concern about the quality of the education they are receiving. The university bodies are continuously conscious to maintain to standard of their degree programmers. In this situation student naturally compel to face this competitiveness in healthy manner. Generally university education system must be competitive, when there is a competition in education more and more private university would immerge in the competition. 19. In comparing to the other countries in the world they have introduced variety of university degree program. It will helpful for students those who are interest with particular subject matter. And also it will create condition for students to study their favorable condition. Most of the students reluctant to study compulsory subject like mathematics which are highly required for get through from ordinary level exam and it will problem for them to do their further study. 20. Present Sri Lankan University system. There are 15 number of recognized university in the country. It will facilitate nearly 22,500 students for the year 2011as per the University Grant Commission announcement. The students eligible for the university education have to undergo four year educational package at the universities. Due to the universities violence this time period will vary. It will highly affect to the students those who are waiting for enlisted to the university education. This time period will waste other resources which are useful for function the university system. Not only that, it indirectly affected to the student who following their degree program. The students who are studying more than four year they will burden for the university. And also university have to allocate additional money for maintain them. 21. Most of the universities in Sri Lanka at present spread out covering every parts of the country. But when it concern about the standard of the degree as well as the recognition of the university, it is differ from university to university. Therefore most of the students competition is to join and follow their degree program in well recognized university. Though there is universities spread in every part of the country there is requirement of enlisting the student particular university in same area. Therefore there should be an equal educational standard need for each university. Most of the private sector interest for specific universities only. With that intention university students behavioral pattern vary university to university. 22. The universities which are closer to city of Colombo And Kandy area students getting more beneficiaries rather than other universities, such as professional lecturers, library facilities, hostel facilities and other facilities. With the availability of all the facilities they are studying for their specific degree program. 23. Those kinds of lapses can be solved by introducing private university system to the country. With the private sector involvement, government can fulfill students requirement in certain aspects. Once the students trying to follow degree program they will not involve for any kind of illegal activities and violence. This will create condition for them to get their graduation in particular time period which they have to undergo. By introducing private university system there may be a competition with state universities. It will make student to have a better educational background. Once the private sector involved to this competition they will put maximum effort to satisfaction of students in private university. They will think about the students requirement rather than staying long time study in university. It will benefit for the students who are graduation earlier than the state university graduates. 24. Suitability of these to the student in present job market. As per the modern era private sector as well as the government sector will seeks to have powerful establishment in their specific fields. In order to face today competitiveness should have to identified and employed capable as well as knowledgeable key employer in the respective fields. With the graduation, students will find a suitable job for their qualification. It is totally depend on the students forecast of future job market. Once the student graduation from the university they have to prove their knowledge in respective private or government system. As per the present context of job market is mainly requirement of employer how to use their theoretical knowledge in practical situation. If student capable enough to overcome such situation they will get the opportunity to find a job. 25. This university system will create a professional employer for various fields. The graduates ability and interest will decide their requirement. Due to the competitiveness of job market most of the people trying to qualified many fields. It will consider the people selection to private and government fields. 26. If there is a private university system in Sri Lanka, students who are graduation from the private universities will get the opportunity to find the jobs from the private sectors. Due to the competition with the government sector they will try to keep students attraction towards their university system. And it will create condition for the nation to overcome unemployment rate of the country. And also with the identification of respective fields they can be able to touch with their preferable degree program. According to today developing requirement private sector will forecast the required degree scheme for relevant fields. The number of universities in private sector will influence the country tertiary educational standards. The more number of universities availability will support to the students competitions among each other, in order to face future job market. 27. Educational standard of the students. After completion of advance level exam, student will eligible to follow degree program in various scheme. The students who are attending for their university education in various areas of the country. And it will be sitting after the competitive examination. Though they selected for university education, educational level of the country not equal in all the country. It will affect to the students education during the university. More number of students who are select to the university education they feel uncomfortable in beginning of the university life. It will affect to their studies during first term of university study. 28. In Sri Lanka all the university educational standard of students are not equal. The main reason behind that is most of the highly capable professors and lecturers are like to be in the capital of the country. A few numbers of professors and lecturers are serving in other universities in Sri Lanka. It will directly affect to the students who are undergoing graduation in other universities. This particular situation can be minimized by introducing a private university system to the nation. When the private sector involve to this field they will create favorable condition to the students as well as the lecturers in order to face competition with other universities. 29. The students education standard cant be uplift only by providing educational aspect. Have to fulfill their basic needs in order to uplift their educational standards. Once they comfortable with the environment for their education and their needs which are supporting for their studies will affect for standard of students education. 30. Government involvement in private Universities. In order to face the development competition of the other country has to think about every aspect. Basically literacy of the country will play pivotal role in the country. In this context government cant handle this problem individually. With the support of the private sector government can increase the number of universities as per the country requirement. The students of the state university will find many difficulties when they studying. But the students who will get the opportunities to enter the private universities they are strong enough to face the situation. At present government not in a position to face this situation by handling along. Every year there are nearly 150,000 students get the opportunity sit for advance level exam. But out of 150,000 there are 22,500 students getting chance to attend to university education. Other amount of students will deprive in the education. 31. With the government involvement to establish private university in the country will benefitted to the students who are deprive from advance level exam. For the requirement of private university in Sri Lanka government has to make some rules and regulation for maintain the standard of the degree. By involving university Grant Commission it can direct as per the required standard. And also government has to implement criteria for recognition of private university degree. With that recognition graduates can be able to find jobs in government sector. Government has to create favorable condition for private sectors invest in this field. If there is a possibility for private sector to invest they will create condition for international students to follow the degree program. 32. Better prospect for younger generation. If people educated in the country will make country prospect. Therefore has to uplift the educational standard of the country. Every people have to think about their children education in every time. With the identification of their talents and capability can guide them for their wishes. The students who are interest with their specific field, they will study it in favorable condition. Today most of the students automatically become as machine. That has happened due to the modern world arena. The students who are qualified with more aspects they are in position to face the any situation. With the graduation many number of students unable to find out jobs as per their qualification. That has happened due to their misidentification of fields as well as lack of interest for further studies. 33. The better environment will create condition for better study for any one. If there is possibility to make arrangement to fulfill students needs and wants can be enlightened their future. RECCOMMENDATIONS 34. Following are the recommendation which will help for the opening of private universities in Sri Lanka. a. Private universities should affiliate with recognized universities system. b. Private university has to maintain quality assurance in the degree which is introduced by them. c. Government has to make arrangement in security of the students who are graduation from private universities. d.

Red bull strategies

Red bull strategies EXECUTIVE SUMMARY â€Å"Red Bull isnt a drink; its a way of life†, says Dietrich Mateschwitz, the co-founder of Red Bull GmbH (Kumar, 2004). In fact, for a product that didnt have any extraordinary quality, was made of repeatedly questioned ingredients, Red Bull holds a pretty significant 70% market share (Ingram, 2010). In 2007, according to company figures, 4.5bn cans of the drink were sold in over 130 counties with 3,903 employees generating over 2.6 billion euros in turnover (AFP, 2007). Its dominant position in the fastest-growing segment of the soft drink market is mainly attributed to the companys unconventional and innovative marketing strategies as well as its revolutionary operational and management approach. This paper study discusses the various strategies adopted by Red Bull, including the companys effective employment of buzz marketing, product branding, its sponsorship and unique distribution strategy. The paper also discusses the importance of individual skills and organizational toolbox that led to the companys success. The case concluded with a commentary on challenges the company faces as well as recommendations with regards to maintaining its current growth and market share. BACKGROUND Dietrich Mateschwitz experienced the stimulating qualities of a popular Thai energy drink, Krating Daeng (literally ‘red bull), while on a trip to Thailand. Shortly after, he started to work with a pharmaceutical company to adapt the Thai beverage for European market. Mateschitzs concept was to create a company selling its own energy drink worldwide at a premium price (Keller, 2004). In 1987, together with Chaleo Yoovidhya, the owner of Krating Daeng, he founded Red Bull GmbH. The partners agreed that Mateschitz would run the company, while the Chaleo and his son remained sleeping partners. Five years later, the drink entered neighbouring countries Hungary and Slovenia, followed by Germany and Switzerland. In 1997, Red Bull stormed the U.S. market. In less than three years, Red Bull solely expanded the sales of energy drinks from $12 million to $75 million in 1999 (Hein, 2001). Today, Red Bull is also Austrias most successful brand, worth more than â‚ ¬10.9 billion. In 2008, Forbes magazine listed both Chaleo and Mateschitz as being the 260th richest persons in the world with an estimated net worth of $4.0 billion. INNOVATIONS Red Bull is a great example of an ordinary product of doubtful worth that was transformed into a powerful brand through innovative marketing. In an interview, Mateschitz recalled: When we first started, we said there is no existing market for Red Bull. But Red Bull will create it. And this is what finally became true† (Dolan, 2005). Although the initial market research conducted by Mateschitz was quite devastating – unappetizing colour and disgusting taste (Johnson, 2002), he didnt give up but thrived in the end. How? By revolutionary approach to the product branding, well controlled and limited distribution, and unique ways of reaching out to the right customers. In general, the success of the company relied hugely on an original concept: a highly caffeinated and troublesome drink. But what makes Red Bull so unique is the companys revolutionary approach to classic marketing rules. The company claims the unique techniques were developed out of a demand. In terms of attracting new customers and enhancing consumer loyalty, Red Bull has a more effective branding campaign than Coke or Pepsi, says Nancy F. Koehn, professor of business administration at Harvard Business School (Rodgers, 2001). Red Bull is building a beverage brand without relying on the essential equipment of a mass-marketing campaign. Perhaps the indispensable tools of marketing arent so indispensable after all, she adds (Rogers, 2001). The main source of innovation in this case was pretty simple – as a self-funded start-up, the company could not afford a costly advertising. Additionally, Mateschitz has always believed in ‘functionality. They carefully select the sports they sponsor, the people they target and places they distribute their products to. The consumer promotions arent typical either. Red Bull invites consumers to creatively interact with the brand, by building their own ‘wings or sculptures. It makes Red Bull one of the very few brands that understands how precious a deep personal experience and â€Å"peers endorsement† is compared to a standard advertising campaign. Another great example of Red Bulls revolutionary approach to marketing is the fact that the company doesnt use print media, banners or billboards. Every promotion of the product needs to have a functional benefit. Even its TV spots are believed to be more amusable than educational or persuasive towards consumers. By avoiding the usual methods of marketing, the company concentrates more on what is called word-of-mouth or buzz marketing. The beauty of Red Bull is that its the antibrand brand, says Gobà ©. Red Bull doesnt have any of the commercial trappings of a traditional, off-the-shelf product. Its underground, even when its above ground, and that appeals to the young people who drink it , he adds (Rogers, 2001). Another remarkable thing about Red Bulls is its 8.3-ounce can and the fact that its the only size the company has ever offered. One size. One colour. One taste. Thats all. In such a competitive environment, its simply shocking to hear of a thriving company not keen on a constant brand extension. We are one of few companies around the world that can stay focused on one product, says Cortes in defence of Red Bulls narrow strategy. We do what we do best, he adds (Rogers, 2001). To sum up, Red Bulls revolutionary approach in contrast with ‘standard tactics has been details in the below table. Red Bull approach: Conventional approach: Positioning: Create a functional foundation; show how the drink fits into peoples way of life Create a socially aspiring image Advertising: Advertising airs only after the launch phase and plays a limited and specific role within the marketing mix Advertising launches the brand and stays the lead marketing tool Distribution: Create strong demand and limit the product availability Wild availability is used to create demand Sampling: Focus on quality and product experience Sampling is all about quantity Celebrity Sponsorship: Pursue those celebrities that are fans of Red Bull, but dont pay them Celebrity endorsement has a steep price, but gets publicity Merchandising: Controlled and limited Tchotchkes rule! Network Relationships: Treat all stakeholders as partners Vendors are lucky to work for us! Corporate Leadership: Patience and investment Clear annual volume and profit objectives and fast returns Table 1: Based on: â€Å"Speed in a can† by Alex Wippenfurth, 2003, PEOPLE BEHIND THE SUCCESS Mateschitz, Red Bulls co-founder and its managing director, is undoubtedly the man behind the steering wheel in the company. In addition to his natural talent for selling, he is also known for his creativity as well as determination. Having worked in a highly competitive environment before, and conducted the initial market research, he was the one to come up with the extraordinary ideas, which implemented by a joint effort of his dedicated team, brought the company straight to the top. There is no doubt that his natural skills, innovative approach, determination and optimism paid a significant role in the companys success. Moreover, Mateschitz thrives on resistance. He is always ready to push the limits and devise spectacular new strategies that get the customers herd to events where extreme sports athletes and daredevils perform street acts. In fact, Red Bulls unconventional tactics and persistence has been evident from the beginning. To begin with, having great difficulties to launch its product in Germany, the company smartly used the rumours regarding the products potential health hazards and mystic content, by building a myth strategy. In his article â€Å"Liquid Cocaine†, journalist Jeff Edwards concludes: â€Å"the more rumours of Red Bulls potentially dangerous, over stimulating effects spread, the more the drink sells† (Edwards, 2001). In addition to that, Mateschitz strongly believed in the importance of physical consumption of his product. Therefore, the marketing strategies have been always focused on sampling and event sponsorship that match and enhance the spirit of Red Bull. â€Å"We dont bring the product to the people; we bring people to the product. We make it available and those who love our style come to us†, claims Mateschitz (Gschwandtner, 2004). Red Bulls success is also partially attributed to its internal culture. Red Bulls team embodies energy and stimulation in everything their do. It seems to be the main ‘theme which to direct and lead the companys actions. Every employee is totally on board with the current goals and challenges of the company. Red Bull thrives on its unique business structure as well. Little hierarchy – ‘management by organized chaos – as Mateschitz describes it. A fully committed team hired primarily for their passion and non conformism is ready to overcome any challenge they face. Mateschitz himself ensures to only work 3 days a week, to live the life of extreme sports his brand endorses. The unusual, personality driven leadership is also evident between the company and agencies it employs. Johannes Kastner, for instance, the head of Red Bulls ad agency, represents the strongest business relationship in its field, with the ad agency being a reliable, long-standing partner rather than dispensable merchant. ELEMENTS OD RED BULLS STRATEGIES The emphasis Red Bull places on marketing has been always extreme high the company spends around 30 percent of its annual turnover on marketing, compared with the average of 10% being spent by most of the competitors (Dolan, 2005). But what is really interesting about Red Bulls strategies is the lack of aggressive in-your-face push campaigns, price-offs, and instant ubiquity. Instead, its marketing is designed for the subconscious. One of the attractive seduction tactics the company employs is exclusivity – Red Bull makes it initially hard for the market to experience the drink. When Red Bull enters a new market, they initially select a limited number of outlets that can sell the drink. The companys sales units are totally decentralised. Each unit is responsible for sales, marketing and distribution in its own area. Sales reps insist that Red Bull be distributed exclusively by a dedicated sales force. They have a selective sales strategy as well. They target â€Å"hot spots† in their area such as clubs and bars, shops near universities and gyms. Such a selective and individual approach has a great advantage of being fast and effective. Sampling also focuses on exclusive sub-communities and carefully selected groups. Moreover, instead of traditional advertising, Red Bull relies on a strategy of word-of-mouth or â€Å"buzz† marketing. Another extremely effective tactic with regards to product positioning and promotion happens on the streets. Red Bull makes sure its silver can is widely noticeable: * Consumer education teams drive eye-catching trucks as mobile displays, painted blue and silver with a giant can on top of the vehicle; to promote the brand as youthful and slightly ‘on the edge; * Free cans of Red Bull are also given out to people on the street who had been identified as being in need of energy. * Red Bull is also provided to DJs, empty cans would also be left on tables in hot spots such as popular clubs and pubs. But whats really intriguing and admirable about the marketing strategy is the fact that it takes place on the street, with people. Red Bull ensures that customers dont feel under pressure to experience its product in a certain way. During the sampling, for example, they always provide a full and closed can, so that the consumers can decide when and how much to try. Additionally, all Red Bulls promotions are participatory. Rather than sponsor concerts like everybody else, the company has gone much further – they created Red Bull Music Academy for aspiring DJs to participate in workshops with some top DJs in the world. The company is also strongly associated with extreme sports, more recently with prestigious F1, motorcycle racing and their own adventurous events. In that way consumers can get deeper experience of the product which keeps the brand relevant in terms of its stimulating mind, not just the body. Against the odds, Red Bull brand was directly marketed to Generation Y, the so-called millennial who were believed to be sceptical of traditional marketing strategies. Part of the strategy involved recruiting student brand managers who would be used to promote Red Bull on university campuses and then report back to the company, providing some useful market research data. What is also extremely fascinating about the company is the fact that the Red Bulls contents are not patented, and all ingredients are clearly listed on the can. Yet, Red Bull has had achieved a leading market position in over 100 countries worldwide. Many competitors have tried to employ similar marketing strategies and tactics in order to grab sales from the market leader. Not all have been successful, of course. THREATS TO FUTURE SUCCESS The main problem Red Bull needs to deal with is the ability to maintain its incredible sales growth. In the light of the brand becoming more and more mature and the market even more saturated, the company faces some of the most serous challenges ever: * The loss of its original consumer base, as the Generation Y becomes working adults; * Health concerns, associated with high intake of caffeine, that have emerged in several countries (ban imposed in Denmark and France; classified as a medication in Norway; until recently available only in pharmacies in Japan); * The energy drinks market has attracted some of the global biggest beverage companies, such as Coca Cola and Pepsi, seeking to win a competitive advantage over the current market leader; * Red Bull is well known for its revolutionary advertising however the product could be in danger of becoming stale; * Unlike their major competitors, Red Bull is limited to one product, leaving the company with no back up product to cover any potential loss; * The beverage market shows strong trends toward healthy options of soft drinks; FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS Red Bull has gone through a lot in the past two decades. Starting on a practically non-existent marketplace, today it faces extreme diversity of similar products and a significant number of competitors. Taking into account the fact that Red Bulls brand is still very strong and his market leading position not yet threatened, the company should focus its market strategies on the following objectives: †¢ Maintain the leading position According to companys figures, the product is still widely recognized (over 60% of the under 30 year old Germans can easily distinguish the brand). In general, people are happy with the product. It is the image that needs to be enhanced. As far as the price is concerned, it is recommended that it should stay the same a high price will help keep the image of a high quality product. In addition to that, some new promotion campaigns can add further value to the image. As Red Bull is a utility drink, which means it is only bought occasionally. Therefore it may be worth considering to redirect the future marketing campaign to petrol stations, off-licences, convenience stores. †¢ Expand the product Red Bull should try to extend its product range by creating further consumer needs for some other Red Bull products such as: â€Å"White Bull† which could represent soft high quality mix drink of Vodka and Red Bull. Energy bars and â€Å"mini power-size† bottles of Red Bull that will be small enough to fit into pocket; aimed at those in constant hurry. A small selection of Red Bull extraordinary sports clothes. Since the company is widely acknowledged for its extreme sports sponsorship, they should provide its fans with unique outfits. It is a great opportunity to gain some extra returns as well as attract attention through people wearing the clothes. Taking into account the â€Å"healthy† trend in the soft drink category, as well as the actions taken by the closest competitors, Red Bull should also diversify its products into â€Å"organic energy drinks† and try to create a matching â€Å"lifestyle† in order to enter a new market for the â€Å"health-conscious consumer†. Another option for Red Bull is an expansion into new and developing countries, which may not only help to spread the name but also boost the sales. In that way, Red Bulls may again show the market hot to spread its wings†¦ REFERENCES: Energy Pumps up Soft Drinks Trade, Sunday Business Post (Ireland), 1999; Hein, K., (2001) [online] A Bulls Market Brandweek, available at , accessed 15 March 2010; Johnson, Branwell, Has the Energy Drinks Market Lost Its Fizz? Marketing Week, August 29, 2002; Potterton, L., Red Bull Gives Its Creator Financial Wings, Scotland on Sunday, 2000; Brandweek, (2001) [online] Red Bull Takes Extreme Sports by the Horns†, available at , accessed 15 March 2010; Dolan K., (2005) [online] â€Å"The Soda With Buzz†, available at , accessed 16 March 2010; Funding Universe, (2002) [online] Red Bull GmbH Company History, available at http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Red-Bull-GmbH-Company-History.html, accessed 16 March 2010; History Of Red Bull Energy Drinks Soft Drink Marketing Beverages And Advertising [online], available at http://www.speedace.info/red_bull.htm, accessed 18 March 2010; Ingram F., [online] Red Bull GmbH, International Directory of Company Histories, available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5202/is_1989/ai_n19121811/, accessed 15 March 2010; Forbes (2008), [online] The Worlds Billionaires, available at , accessed 16 March 2010; Gschwandtner, G., (2004) [online] â€Å"The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind RedBull Selling Power† available at http://www.redbull.com/images/historysection/ pdf/1/Selling_Power_DM_Sept.pdf, accessed 18 March 2010; Keller, K., (2004) [online] â€Å"Building brand equity in non-traditional ways†, available at , accessed 14 March 2010; Kumar, H.K., Linguri, L.S., Tavassoli, N.T., (2004) [online] â€Å"Red Bull The anti-brand†, London Business School, available at , accessed 10 March 2010; Rodgers A., (2001) [online] Its a (Red) Bull Market After All, Fast Company, available at , accessed 19 March 2010; Edwards J., (2001) [online] â€Å"Liquid cocaine†, available at , accessed 19 March 2010;