Analys av boken 1984 Essays - , Term Papers

Analys av boken 1984 Eric Arthur Blair, mer kand genom sin pseudonym George Orwell, var en valdigt inflytelserik brittisk forfattare som levde mellan aren 1903 och 1950. Orwell ar kand for sina politiska satirer som djurfabeln Animal Farm men framfor allt ar han kand for hans samhallskritiska dystopi 1984. Skriven ar 1948 och publicerad 1949, boken 1984 ar varldskand for sin politiska dystopi och starka samhallskritik och anses vara en av de basta romanerna fran 1900-talet. Genren dystopi genomsyrar hela berattelsen dar protagonisten lever i ett totalitart samhalle dar livet ar gratt och meningslost och stravar efter forandring. Han traffar en kvinna som delar hans ambition och tillsammans gar de med i en motstandrorelse. Det slutar med att de blir lurade, tillfangatagna, torterade och hjarntvattade. Orwell anvande delvis denna berattelse som en direkt kritik mot Stalin. Under 1940-talet hade de tva totalitara regimerna, Sovjetunionen och Nazityskland, ett stort inflytande pa Orwells verk 1984 vilket man ser aterspeglas i verket. Bada regimerna glorifierade deras ledare som folkets raddare som sen utvecklades till en nastan gudalik status, kravde absolut lojalitet fran deras befolkning och ville upphoja partiets behov ovanfor individens behov genom forstorelse av manniskans individualitet. I boken ser man samma tendenser i samhallet som presenteras i boken. Annu fler liknelser ser man i hur dessa regimer skapade en egen bild av sina fiender genom att dehumanisera dem. Samma sak ser man i 1984 dar superstaten Oceanien demoniserar sina fiender genom masspropaganda, Tvaminuters-hatet och Hatveckan. Likheterna mellan Oceaniens regim ar anda mer lik den stalinistiska regimen da den Oceaniska regimen, som Stalins regim, innehaller bade kommunistiska drag dar partiet ar felfritt och fascistiska drag dar man glorifierar ledarens visdom. Det gar aven se liknelser i Oceaniens produktions system dar man har Trearsplanen och de stora arbetslagren som ar i stil med det man hade i Sovjetunionen. Tidigare i sitt liv hade Orwell fatt jobba som kolonialpolis i Burma och senare bli medlem i ett spanskt kommunistiskt parti. Dessa upplevelser fick honom att avsky imperialism och bli medveten om farorna av ett totalitart samhalle. Av dessa anledningar ar det manga som anser att Orwell skrev 1984 som bade en kritik direkt mot Stalin och som en varning for det nuvarande samhallet om skadan som kan komma av att infora en totalitar regim. Aven ansiktsdragen hos Oceaniens ledare Storebror liknar Stalin da han beskrivs ha morkt har och en bastant svart mustasch. I boken ar aret 1984 och varlden ar uppdelad i tre superstater: Oceanien, Euraisen och Ostasien. Protagonisten Winston Smith bor i London, som har fatt det nya namnet Flygbas 1. Samhallet i Oceanien styrs av den ledande styrelsen Partiet som har Storebror som deras absoluta ledare. Winston jobbar som en lagrankad partimedlem och vart han an gar ar han bevakad av Partiet genom teleskarmar och gomda mikrofoner. Stora bilder och statyer av Storebror ar uppsatta genom hela London. Partiet kontrollerar allt i Oceanien, till och med historian och spraket och deras nuvarande projekt ar att implementera det konstgjorda spraket nysprak bland partiet och prolerna som ar i princip arbetarklassen och tar upp 85 % av hela Oceaniens befolkning. Boken borjar med att Winston kanner sig frustrerad med fortrycket i Oceanien och Partiets stranga lagar, som forbjuder fria tankar, sex och nagot annat uttrycksatt for individualitet. Han hatar Partiet och olagligt koper en dagbok dar han skriver ner sina tankar och frustrationer. Han blir ocksa intresserad den hogrankade partimedlemmen O'Brien som Winston misstankte var en hemlig medlem i motstandrorelsen Broderskapet. Winston arbetar i Sanningsministeriet dar han andrar pa historiska uppgifter sa att det battre passar Partiets behov. Han tanker pa hur Partiet havdar att Oceanien krigar Eurasien och har alltid varit allierade med Ostasien, men Winston verkar minnas en tid da det var tvartom. Pa jobbet marker han blickar fran en kvinnlig medarbetare och blir orolig att hon ar en spion som skulle lamna in honom till tankepolien for hans krimtank, som i princip betyder tankebrott. Senare under dagen far han ett brev dar hon skrev att hon alskade honom och senare bestamde de att motas utanfor London dar de inte kunde vara bevakade. Winston fick reda pa att hennes namn var Julia och att hon ocksa hatade Partiet. Detta mote paborjade deras forhallande. De fortsatte att traffas i

Elasticity of Demand Practice Problem

Elasticity of Demand Practice Problem In microeconomics, the elasticity of demand refers to the measure of how sensitive the demand for a good is to shifts in other economic variables. In practice, elasticity is particularly important in modeling the potential change in demand due to factors like changes in the goods price. Despite its importance, it is one of the most misunderstood concepts. To get a better grasp on the elasticity of demand in practice, lets take a look at a practice problem. Before trying to tackle this question, youll want to refer to the following introductory articles to ensure your understanding of the underlying concepts:  a beginners guide to elasticity and using calculus to calculate elasticities. Elasticity Practice Problem This practice problem has three parts: a, b, and c. Lets read through the prompt and questions. Q: The weekly demand function for butter in the province of Quebec is Qd 20000 - 500Px 25M 250Py, where Qd is quantity in kilograms purchased per week, P is price per kg in dollars, M is the average annual income of a Quebec consumer in thousands of dollar, and Py is the price of a kg of margarine. Assume that M 20, Py $2, and the weekly supply function is such that the equilibrium price of one kilogram of butter is $14. a. Calculate the cross-price elasticity of the demand for butter (i.e. in response to changes in the price of margarine) at the equilibrium. What does this number mean? Is the sign important? b. Calculate the income elasticity of demand for butter at the equilibrium. c. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for butter at the equilibrium. What can we say about the demand for butter at this price-point? What significance does this fact hold for suppliers of butter? Gathering the Information and Solving for Q Whenever I work on a question such as the one above, I first like to tabulate all of the relevant information at my disposal. From the question we know that:M 20 (in thousands)Py 2Px 14Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*PyWith this information, we can substitute and calculate for Q:Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*PyQ 20000 - 500*14 25*20 250*2Q 20000 - 7000 500 500Q 14000Having solved for Q, we can now add this information to our table:M 20 (in thousands)Py 2Px 14Q 14000Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*PyNext, well answer a  practice problem. Elasticity Practice Problem: Part A Explained a. Calculate the cross-price elasticity of the demand for butter (i.e. in response to changes in the price of margarine) at the equilibrium. What does this number mean? Is the sign important? So far, we know that:M 20 (in thousands)Py 2Px 14Q 14000Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*PyAfter reading using calculus to calculate cross-price elasticity of demand, we see that we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z With Respect to Y = (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) In the case of cross-price elasticity of demand, we are interested in the elasticity of quantity demand with respect to the other firms price P. Thus we can use the following equation: Cross-price elasticity of demand (dQ / dPy)*(Py/Q) In order to use this equation, we must have quantity alone on the left-hand side, and the right-hand side is some function of the other firms price. That is the case in our demand equation of Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py. Thus we differentiate with respect to P and get: dQ/dPy 250 So we substitute dQ/dPy 250 and Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py into our cross-price elasticity of demand equation: Cross-price elasticity of demand (dQ / dPy)*(Py/Q)Cross-price elasticity of demand (250*Py)/(20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py) Were interested in finding what the cross-price elasticity of demand is at M 20, Py 2, Px 14, so we substitute these into our cross-price elasticity of demand equation: Cross-price elasticity of demand (250*Py)/(20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py)Cross-price elasticity of demand (250*2)/(14000)Cross-price elasticity of demand 500/14000Cross-price elasticity of demand 0.0357 Thus our cross-price elasticity of demand is 0.0357. Since it is greater than 0, we say that goods are substitutes (if it were negative, then the goods would be complements). The number indicates that when the price of margarine goes up 1%, the demand for butter goes up around 0.0357%. Well answer part b of the practice problem on the next page. Elasticity Practice Problem: Part B Explained b. Calculate the income elasticity of demand for butter at the equilibrium. We know that:M 20 (in thousands)Py 2Px 14Q 14000Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*PyAfter reading  using calculus to calculate income elasticity of demand, we see that (using M for income rather than I as in the original article), we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z With Respect to Y = (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) In the case of income elasticity of demand, we are interested in the elasticity of quantity demand with respect to income. Thus we can use the following equation: Price Elasticity of Income: = (dQ / dM)*(M/Q) In order to use this equation, we must have quantity alone on the left-hand side, and the right-hand side is some function of income. That is the case in our demand equation of Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py. Thus we differentiate with respect to M and get: dQ/dM = 25 So we substitute dQ/dM 25 and Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py into our price elasticity of income equation: Income elasticity of demand: (dQ / dM)*(M/Q)Income elasticity of demand: (25)*(20/14000)Income elasticity of demand: 0.0357Thus our income elasticity of demand is 0.0357. Since it is greater than 0, we say that goods are substitutes. Next, well answer part c of the practice problem on the last page. Elasticity Practice Problem: Part C Explained c. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for butter at the equilibrium. What can we say about the demand for butter at this price-point? What significance does this fact hold for suppliers of butter? We know that:M 20 (in thousands)Py 2Px 14Q 14000Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*PyOnce again, from reading  using calculus to calculate price elasticity of demand, we know that we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z With Respect to Y = (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) In the case of price elasticity of demand, we are interested in the elasticity of quantity demand with respect to price. Thus we can use the following equation: Price elasticity of demand: (dQ / dPx)*(Px/Q) Once again, in order to use this equation, we must have quantity alone on the left-hand side, and the right-hand side is some function of price. That is still the case in our demand equation of 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py. Thus we differentiate with respect to P and get: dQ/dPx -500 So we substitute dQ/dP -500, Px14, and Q 20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py into our price elasticity of demand equation: Price elasticity of demand: (dQ / dPx)*(Px/Q)Price elasticity of demand: (-500)*(14/20000 - 500*Px 25*M 250*Py)Price elasticity of demand: (-500*14)/14000Price elasticity of demand: (-7000)/14000Price elasticity of demand: -0.5 Thus our price elasticity of demand is -0.5. Since it is less than 1 in absolute terms, we say that demand is price inelastic, which means that consumers are not very sensitive to price changes, so a price hike will lead to increased revenue for the industry.

Thinking style Essays

Thinking style Essays Thinking style Essay Thinking style Essay What do my results tell me about my individual thinking style or my thought process range? My results were that I was focused. It tells me that I understand what I need to do and the steps that need to be taken to get there. It shows my determination and ability to grasp information. It displayed that I would be more successful at practical Jobs that involves problem solving. My results also states that Im good with research which means I rapidly learn new tasks and commit to different resistances easily. Also Im innovative which is thinking out side of the box. Exploring ideas and utilizing them for my benefit. I adapt to change which show that Im a versatile individual. It also states that I strategies and Im an entrepreneur thinker. I have also notice that all of my results are consistence Will I think been able to solve complex arguments can help me analyze what Im going to present.. My style can influence my approach to argument because its who I am. For there are the hints that are of me and is characteristic of which I am then this will display in my work. Lets say for instance that I was a lazy individual then my work will most defiantly reflect that. My work would reflect the work of someone who does there research and also have the ability to think outside the box. Persuasive communication can help me in my career by helping me strengthen my communication skills. Persuasive communication Can also help me gain confidence in the products or presentation I may present!

ShoreIndie Webinar How to Refine your Novels Blurb and Opening

ShoreIndie Webinar How to Refine your Novels Blurb and Opening ShoreIndie Webinar: How to Refine your Novel's Blurb and Opening Pages A free webinar for authors: Saturday, May 20th | 12pm EST (New York) | 9am PST (Los Angeles) | 5pm BST (London). Register below!#mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; } /* Add your own MailChimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */ The blurb and the opening lines of a novel act as an invitation for the reader to keep reading. Just like your cover, they need to hook the right readers in and clearly identify your novel's genre.But there is more to a blurb than just a good hook. How you word your blurb, along with the categories and keywords you choose,  are the main factors that'll get Amazon's algorithms to "place" your book in front of the right reader. This is what makes writing it such a crucial and tricky exercise.Fortunately, we've got you covered! We have partnered with ShoreIndie  to put together an exclusive (and free!) webinar to help novelists refine their blurb and manuscript opening. The webinar will feature two top Reedsy fiction editors, Rebecca Heyman and Katie McCoach, along with a professional book marketer: Bree Weber. Together, they'll teach you:How to write a strong "hook" in your blurbHow to optimize your blurb, title, and other metadata to leverage Amazon's algorithmsHow to refine your opening pages to hook readers in and keep them  engagedAnd we'll finish with an extended QA session where you'll be able to get their expert opinion on  your novel!The webinar will run on Saturday, May 20th, at 12pm EST (New York) | 9am PST (Los Angeles) | 5pm BST (London). Sign up below and we'll send you all the info you'll need to join!Note:  A replay will be made available after the webinar, along with some bonus content. So even if you can't attend live, sign up below to make sure you get the replay and bonus content!#mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; } /* Add your own MailChimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */

The Evolution of wall painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Evolution of wall painting - Essay Example The essay "The Evolution of wall painting" explores the wall painting and the stages of its evolution. In the religious setup, the styles of Frescoes and Mosaics are widely used, narrating the life of the Virgin Mary and Jesus. From them, one can draw a conclusion that, though wall painting changed, it remained the same in different setups. This paper seeks to explore the evolution of wall painting beginning in Paleolithic period to Early Renaissance.During the Paleolithic period, wall painting decoration was either decorated objects or figurines. From about 31, 000 to 12, 000 B.C, there were two main categories of painting, which were either decorated objects or portable pieces. Portable pieces were small figurines, while decorated objects were carved out of stone, clay, and also cave art. Paleolithic art majored itself in different subjects such as animal carvings, hunting scenes, and animals. It was an attempt to gain control over the environment through critical thinking. One can imply that painting was a powerful tool of revealing different ideas and concepts of the society. Wall painting was carried out in different colors, but mostly golden brown was used to reveal the beautiful nature of the painting. The following is an example of a wall painting of the Paleolithic period that depicts animals. The walls were covered with different paintings that revealed different subjects. In most cases, animals were the subject shown through shades of brown, red, black, and yellow.

Business Law Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Law Questions - Coursework Example The first advantage is that this type of business is easy to form. The business organization is simple with minimal legal formalities that includes the license and permits in special cases. The business is also easy to dissolve if Eva so wishes. The second advantage is that this type of business only needs small startup capital. Apart from this, the amount of money needed for management is small as there is usually no need for specialist in the various functional areas of the company. The third advantage Eva gains from this type of business organization is that it affords a great deal of flexibility in that decision making and changes are easy and fast. The fourth and probably the biggest advantage is that the owner receives all the profits from the business. The final advantage offered is that the company if moderately free from government control. The government regulates this type of business less than other types, thus Eva’s day-to-day operations are smooth as long as she follows the letter of her permit and license. While the business offers many advantages, it also has some challenges. First, these types of companies usually have limited resources. Due to this, banks and other credit facilities are usually reluctant to grant loans due to the high mortality rate of these companies as well few assets owned. The second disadvantage is that the owner assumes unlimited liability. This means that all the debts and loses fall on the head of the owner. The third disadvantage is that in the event the company fails, creditors have the right to force the owner to sell their own property as well as those belonging to the company to offset the debt. Finally, if the owner dies or is incapacitated, the business dies or is incapacitated. In order to raise capital, Eva faces some difficulties as investors unrelated to her will not be comfortable regarding the security and use of their investment. Capital investment for sole proprietorship is also difficult to secure and formalize without risking losing control of the company. The first course of action she may take is to seek financial aid from people related to her such a family and friends. She can also raise loans from financial and banking institutions. In this case, she can secure a loan from the bank for her working capital and seek help from specialized financial institutions in case of long term investment such as buying fixed assets. The third approach is discussing with her suppliers to receive goods on credit, i.e. acquire trade credit. Finally, she can lease her equipment to other firms in order to acquire medium term funds. Question 2 By looking at the second scenario, we find that Don has a basis to set aside the contract. This is because the contract between Don and Evan was entered under coercion. According to Bigwood (369), pure coercion occurs when one party plans to engage in a legal wrong to endorse his demands leaving another party to without any reasonable alternative but to comply. While Evans threat is not a legal wrong it is however exploitative, disagreeable and wrongful in the broader sense hence an improper proposal. Under contract law, Don can prove that he was under duress (duress to the person) thus enabling the contract to be rescinded since it will then be voidable (Stone 337). In order to prove that the contract was under coercion, Don has to prove that no other reasonable option remained but to sign the contract. This can be done by reviewing the relationship between him and his nephew as well as contracts they had entered before. Apart from voiding the contract, Ron can also choose to enforce the contract (Bigwood 370). Cases of

Visual analysis of Mahatma Gandhis portrait Assignment

Visual analysis of Mahatma Gandhis portrait - Assignment Example It is sizeable and easily noticeable by visitors visiting the house. The Mahatma Gandhi portrait was made in New Delhi in India by an Indian artist called Kumar Khan. The design is very artistic and is made to beautify the house walls as well as inspire persons who view it daily. The gift was given as a gift by my parents. The gift was given to serve as an inspiration at a time my performance in school was improving. The portrait is made from wood which has then been shaped with some artistic designs engraved in it. The portrait is then painted with a golden color which makes it beautiful and easily noticeable by persons visiting the house. The image of Mahatma Gandhi is an artistic drawing which corresponds to how Mahatma looked like. The pencil-drawn picture corresponds to the images of Mahatma on a real picture. The image of Mahatma Gandhi has several noticeable features that identify him. One of this the spectacles he wore during his days which are almost circular in Shape. The h ero had beards above the mouth but on the lower side on the sheen he had no beards. Another feature is the type of cloth he is shown wearing in the portrait. It’s a white cloth mostly worn by the people of India. People who have seen his picture in the past, whether it’s on Newspapers, TV, art books or even in history books would ultimately identify him. The artist of the Picture, Kumar Khan, was very accurate in designing the portrait since every part of the portrait corresponds to the real picture of Mahatma Gandhi.

What are the environmental consequences of offshore drilling Research Proposal

What are the environmental consequences of offshore drilling - Research Proposal Example ost difficult and more than for land-based fitting and much of the improvement in the offshore petroleum sector revolves around overcoming these challenges. This includes a significant necessity of â€Å"Manned facilities have to to be kept above sea-level.† This can be only achieved with vast constructions with their foundations on the sea bed, like â€Å"the Troll† – A platform stationed on a depth of 300 meter. With height of 472 meter, it can be acknowledged as the biggest man-made movable construction. Type of other platforms including floating types only anchored to the sea-floor. These floating platforms trim down the construction costs but the additional security measures are required as well as apparatus for nulling out heave due to strong waves. In both of oil ridges, the ocean adds numerous hundred meters to the liquefied column in the drill string increasing â€Å"bottom hole pressure† as well as escalating the required amount of energy to lift sand and cuttings for oil-sand separation on the platform. as of modern times the emphasis of oil companies is to conduct maximum production subsea for instance amenities to split sand from oil and re-inject sand prior to pumping up to the platform. In this proces s there are no installations visible above the sea-level. Subsea installations enhance the goal of the petroleum industry of exploiting natural resources at gradually deep waters that have been inaccessible in the past. It also evades several challenges related to sea ice as in the Barents Sea. An offshore oil ridge can also be defined more or less as a small world with support utilities like cafeteria, resting quarters and administration located offshore. In the North Sea, the employees are transported on the platform by helicopter for a 2-week shift. This in turn means higher air pollution. Materials and wastes are transported by the means of ship and it is required to be delicately maneuvered due to the inadequate floor area on the platform. As of

H.W Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

H.W - Assignment Example Each employee will strive to meet set goals so that they earn such non-cash rewards. In addition, Gina will find non-cash rewards less costly compared to cash. First, employees may not notice exactly how worthy is the reward. This is contrary to cash rewards in which workers consider the amount to get motivated. For example, Gina should set a program in which successful logging detailed notes about the client call in the online database, the customer care representative earns points used to redeem tangible items of value to them. To maintain customer satisfaction at the end of every call, Gina should make it part of her reward to manage knowledge. Rewards imply after exemplary performance, there should be learning experience that enhances other employees to gain knowledge of serving in the same line. However, Gina should be careful not to overload the trip with learning sessions. Employee should find more than 80 percent of the travel to himself or herself for recreation. In summary, non-cash rewards are guilt-free as opposed to money that employees spend on ordinar y commitments. May Johnson’s performance problems are multi-faceted. First, she lacks management experience. It is her first experience working with a group of employees reporting directly to her. As a result, she believes that everything should go in line with what she understands and strongly holds. Secondly, Johnson lacks knowledge of the current systems used by the company and other employees. She relies on obsolete systems. Johnson’s overreliance on obsolete systems constantly raises conflicts with her junior employees. In addition, Johnson does not understand vital aspects of job specialization. She desires to perform everything and does not believe that any duty accomplished by other individuals can be perfect. Johnson repeats every work her junior staff members present to her. May Johnson’s employee are

Psychology Exercise Essay Example for Free

Psychology Exercise Essay A research question was proposed to a student asking why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning when compared to that of younger children. After carefully considering the evidence in each choice option, the following were ranked in order the most convincing to the least convincing: 1. Thirty well-designed studies published in prestigious journals have discovered that melatonin; a hormone involved in sleep is secreted by the body of teenagers at a different point in the sleep-wake cycle than it is for young children and adults. 2. A nutrition expert, appearing on Good Morning America, stated that she believes teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention than younger children because, as she learned in her interviews with students of all ages, the teenagers were more likely to skip breakfast. 3. After overhearing many teenagers talking about why they struggle with paying attention early in the morning, it provided a good understanding for the problem. 4. Twenty well-controlled experiments published in prestigious journals strongly suggest a cause for why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning than do younger children. 5. Two well-controlled experiments published in a prestigious journal suggest a cause for why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning than do younger children. 6. After a recent airing of a story on the news show Dateline on NBC about some people being morning people and others being night people, Channel 5 asked viewers to call in the reasons they have difficulty focusing attention in the morning. Two reasons were given most frequently, and those reasons were presented on that night’s local news. 7. A relative has a hunch. The decision to give the aforementioned reasons the rank in which they received was based fully on the evidence presented in each statement. Items 1-3 indicated a true correlation between the proposed question and the stated reason and personal understanding. Items 4 and 5 could have been credible sources, but they were absent the findings in the statement offered. Item 6 was not a source focused on the study of teenagers, but rather its research was done on a PSYCHOLOGY 3 broad level. Finally, item 7 did not come from someone with credibility nor did it possess any scientific verification to back up any reasoning. Also, it did not contain a valid reason pertaining to the question at hand. There were only two reasons suggested that contained factual evidence that were believable and credible (Shohov, 2004). Items 1 and 2 proposed that research in relation to the proposed question had been carefully and scientifically performed. Item 1 declared that thirty well-designed studies had been performed concluding that a specific hormone was believed to be the cause for a teenager’s inability to focus early in the morning. These studies had also been published in prestigious journals. Item 2 aired on a publically respected early morning news broadcast. The finder-of-fact was an expert nutritionist who had conducted many interviews on children of all ages. Her conclusions were drawn based on answers voluntarily given by the interviewed teenagers. Her findings concluded that teenagers skipping breakfast had more difficulty focusing early in the morning. Both of these suggested reasons offered a definitive answer to the proposed question, and they bore evidence to support their findings (Shohov, 2004). References Shohov, S. (2004). Advances in psychology research, volume 17. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Social Inequality In Usa Sociology Essay

Social Inequality In Usa Sociology Essay Why do you think the U.S. is characterized by more inequality and fewer public efforts to reduce inequality than any other developed nation? Capitalism cannot provide a decent standard of living for all, but as long as it can provide a tolerable standard of living for substantial layers of the population, it can maintain social stability. Recent studies have shown that the middle America begins to feel insecure, which points at the inevitable social problems. The average salary is the salary, which includes both the income of the richest and the poorest. This amount is far from real wages of most Americans. According to the latest statistical review, in the period after 1998, when the U.S. economy grew by 25%, the average salary of one fifth of U.S. residents fell by 3.8%, while the salary of the rest remained at 1973 level (Hurst 132-34). While the economy was rapidly growing, this prosperity has not affected the middle class, not to mention industrial workers and the poor. Along with the freezing of income of the middle class, social inequality was growing. Since 1973 the annual revenue growth of 1% of the richest was 3.4%, and for 0.1% of the richest it was 5.2%. But for the remaining 90% this figure was 0.3% per year since 1973. Leaders of large companies were earning 26 times more than their employees. Now they are earning 300 times more (Crompton 98-102). According to experts, children from families with low income have a 1%chance to get rich, while children of the rich have 22% opportunity. For the middle class the figure is 1.8%, not much more than for the poor. The middle class of America is more and more afraid to become poor. Families face a decrease in their incomes. The number of families, whose income fell to $ 20,000, has increased from 13% in 1990 to 17% in 2007 (Hurst 206). Unemployment in the U.S. has reached the highest level over the past 20 years. Average duration of unemployment is 18 weeks. And, most often the unemployed have to accept a new job with less pay. House owners (about 70% of Americans), after paying taxes, have to give 11% of their income for mortgages. Today, these people are insolvent. Today the average American family with two working spouses has to work for 32 weeks to pay taxes, medical insurance, credit for housing, and education. In 1979, they needed 28 weeks. After all these payments, such a family has less means for basic needs than in 1980. In the current economic situation, an average American feels much worse than 25 years ago (Hurst 57-60). An average American works longer and harder than before just to make ends meet. And one increasingly has to take loans, family debt reached 120% of family income. Private pension funds are extremely small. Moreover, now pensions begin to be paid only after the worker invests a certain amount. In this world richest country 45% of Americans have no pension program. Only 20% have a guaranteed pension. The same situation is in health care. The number of uninsured people reached 16%, i.e. about 45 million Americans will not get treatment if they get sick. Despite all the efforts, most of the U.S. social problems do not disappear. Obviously, these are the negative effects of economic growth that exist in almost every post-industrial society. Moreover, the distribution of wealth including personal property and shares has not changed in the U.S. for 200 years. Tiree and Smith managed to obtain data on the taxable property of persons who had permanent jobs in Philadelphia in 1789. Comparing these data with the distribution of income in 1949, 1959 and 1969, they found a completely equal distribution of wealth in these two periods. Both, at that time and today, dealers and persons of intellectual labor were richer than the workers and clerks (Hurst 89-93). Since 1982, profits of American capitalists have grown considerably. This was achieved by reduction of salaries of workers, and increased exploitation. Thus, the rate of added value grew up while investments into new equipment have been reduced to minimum. Therefore the returns were growing. Inequality of income distribution remains in American society despite various changes in the economy and many programs helping the poor. The privileges are established for those who have the power in any societies. People with high status often have a very visible political influence, which they can use to their advantage. In the 1960s, the President Lyndon Johnson declared the war against poverty. The weapons of this war were tax cuts, retraining programs, educational programs and increased benefits. These actions were important, since it was estimated that between 1965 and 1975 the number of families below the poverty line was less than 5% of all families. However, since then many of these programs were reduced or abolished in order to stabilize the government budget. More positive results of programs have been undermined by rising unemployment and an increase in the number of poor families with single mothers. Therefore, in the U.S. there are still many poor families (Hurst 248-49). How is social stratification a creation of society rather than simply an expression of individual differences. The question of why there is social inequality is central in the study of society. It has two strikingly different answers. The first one was given by the conservatives, who argued that the unequal distribution of social benefits is a tool for solving the major tasks of society. Supporters of a radical approach, by contrast, sharply criticize the existing social order and believe that social inequality is a mechanism of exploitation of individuals and is associated with the struggle for scarce products and services. According to the functionalist theory of social inequality, stratification exists because it is useful to society. Davis and Moore argue that social stratification is not only universal but also necessary; therefore, no society can exist without stratification and classes. The system of stratification is required in order to fill all the statuses that form the social structure, and to give the individuals the motivations to perform duties associated with their position. In this regard the society must motivate people on two levels (Crompton 57-59): 1. It should encourage individuals to take various positions, since not all the duties associated with different statuses, are equally useful for the human body, equally important for social survival, and require equal abilities. If the social life was different, the position would make no difference, and the problem of social status would be considerably smaller; 2. When these positions are occupied, the company should awaken in people a desire to play the relevant role, because the duties associated with many posts are considered as painful and in the absence of motivation many would not manage to do their roles. These social realities have led to the view that society should have certain benefits that can be used as incentives for their members, and the mode of distribution of these benefits among different statuses. Inequality is the emotional stimulus that society has created in order to solve the problem of filling in all statuses and make their owners to do their best to fit the role. Since these benefits are built into the social system, social stratification may be considered a structural feature of all societies. On the basis of the economic model of supply and demand, Davis and Moore concluded that the highest paid positions are those occupied by the most talented or skilled workers, as well as functionally most important ones. Thus, separate individuals who hold high-paying jobs, should receive remuneration, otherwise the post will remain unclaimed, and society will disintegrate (Crompton 115-122). On the other hand, a person is born in a privileged or unprivileged position. For example, almost two-thirds of managers in 243 large U.S. companies have grown up in families of upper middle class or upper stratum of society. Basing on similar data, advocates of conflict theory claim that society is organized so that individualsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ rank is determined by birth and does not dependent on their abilities and characteristics of the society (Hurst 206-219). Advocates of the conflict theory believe that the stratification of society exists because it is profitable to individuals and groups with authority over others. While functionalists identify common interests of members of society, conflictologists focus on the differences of interests. From their point of view, the society is an arena where people are fighting for the privileges, prestige and power. The theory of conflict is based largely on the ideas of Karl Marx. He argued that to comprehend the mechanism of a particular economic system one must know what preceded this system, as well as the processes that contributed to its development. According to Marx, the level of technique and method of organization of production determines the evolution of society in general. At each stage of history, these factors determine the group, which will rule in society, and groups that it will obey. Possession of means of production is only one source of power. Another source is the possession of means of control over people. The role of bureaucracy in society (exclusive control of national income and national wealth) gives it a special privileged status (Crompton 87-94). Even in modern developed countries, individuals can flourish without property. Much of the power is provided by the position in large transnational corporations, rather than property. Employees do not merely possess a relatively small property, but their influence lasts only as long as they occupy a certain position. A very similar pattern is observed in the government. In this case, no class exists in isolation and independently of the other classes. Sociologists are divided on the sources of social stratification, but they are united in the fact that social inequality is a structural aspect of the modern life of the whole society. Speaking about the structuring of social inequality, social scientists mean not only the fact that individuals and social groups differ in the privileges they have, prestige they receive, and power they possess. Structuring means that inequality in the society is institutionalized as a system. Inequality is not formed at random, but in accordance with the repetitive, relatively consistent and stable models: it is usually passed down from generation to generation, for which the individuals and groups with the benefits usually find appropriate ways (Crompton 54-58). How do caste and class system differ? How are they the same? Why does industrialization introduce a measure of meritocracy into social stratification? Inequality exists in human societies of all types. Stratification can be defined as structured differences between groups of people; the society consists of layers located in a hierarchical order, where the privileged layers are closer to the top and the underprivileged ones are at the bottom. However, class and caste systems are different in their essence (Crompton 41-43). Caste system is primarily associated with the cultures of the Indian subcontinent, and is presented by four main classes (varnas), differing in the degree of social prestige. Below these four groups are the untouchables. There are also jatis in the caste system: local marginalized groups within which the division into castes takes place. The caste system is very complex, and its structure varies from region to region, but it shares some common principles. Brahmins, forming the highest Varna, represent the highest degree of purity, while the untouchables represent the lowest one. Brahmins should avoid certain contacts with the untouchables, while only the untouchables are allowed to have physical contact with objects or animals, which are considered unclean. The caste system is closely linked with the Hindu concept of reincarnation, under which people who neglect the rights and duties of their caste should be born in their next incarnation in a caste, which occupies a lower position. In the Indian caste system, an individual is not allowed to move from one caste to another during his life (Crompton 65-72). The concept of caste is sometimes used outside the context of Indian culture, e.g. in cases, when two or more ethnic groups are separated from each other, primarily for reasons of racial purity. In such circumstances, there are strict taboos (and sometimes legal prohibitions) on intergroup marriages. After the abolition of slavery in the southern states of the U.S., the level of disengagement of black and white population was so strong that the term caste is sometimes used for this system of stratification. There are also reasons to speak about the existence of caste system in South Africa, where rigid segregation remains between whites and blacks and where interracial marriages were until recently forbidden by law. The class system differs from the caste system in many aspects. Let us consider the four of these main features (Crompton 105-113). 1. Unlike other types of strata, classes do not depend on legal or religious orientation. The class membership is not associated with the congenital status, whatever it was determined by by law or custom. The class system is much more mobile than other stratification systems; the boundaries between classes are never clear-cut. Formal restrictions on marriages between people from different classes do not exist. 2. The class membership is achieved by the individual, at least partly, and is not simply given at birth, as in caste systems. Social mobility is distributed more widely, while in the caste system, an individual move from one caste to another is generally impossible. 3. Classes are related to differences in economic status groups, with inequality in the ownership of physical resources and control, whereas in caste systems, the leading role is played by non-economic factors (such as religion). 4. In caste stratification system, inequality manifests itself primarily in the personal relationships of people, in the difference between rights and responsibilities (Brahmin-Harijan). In contrast, class system is manifested mainly in the large-scale relations of impersonal nature. For example, the essential foundations for the class division are the differences in working conditions and payment, which relate to people of any category and, in turn, depend on the situation of the economy as a whole. Thus, classes can be defined as large-scale groups of people with similar material resources, which in turn determine the lifestyle they lead. Class differences primarily depend on the welfare of people and kind of occupation. In modern Western society, the following main classes exist: the upper class (rich people, businessmen, industrialists, and the upper stratum of managers who own or directly control the means of production), the middle class (which includes the majority of white collar workers and professionals) and the working class (à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"blue collarà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  workers, or people involved in physical labor) (Hurst 327-333). According to Weber, the division into classes is determined not only by the presence or absence of control over the means of production, but also by economic differences, not related directly to the property. These determining factors primarily include skills and expertise that affect the ability of the person to perform a job. People belonging to the categories of professionals and managers are also working for hire, but they earn more and have better working conditions than the workers. Qualification certificates, degrees, titles, diplomas and trainings place them in a more advantageous position in the labor market compared with those who do not have the relevant qualifications (Crompton 93-98). Thus, the concept of status in the meritocracy society is associated with varying degrees of social prestige of social groups. The distinctive features of the exact status can be changed independently of the class division. While the class affiliation is an objective feature, the status, in contrast, depends on subjective evaluations of social distinctions by individuals.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - The Wife of Bath as Depicted in the Genera

The Wife of Bath Depicted in the General Prologue      Ã‚  Ã‚   At the first reading of the "General Prologue" to the Canterbury Tales, the Wife of Bath seems to be a fairly straightforward character.   However, the second time through, the ironies and insinuations surface and show the Wife's bold personality.   For example, she is rather opinionated.   The second line in the passage, "But she was somdel deef, and that was scathe," seems only to indicate that she is a little hard of hearing.   However, coupled with a line from the end of the passage noting that she liked to talk, this deafness could mean either that she is really deaf and talks because she cannot hear what others say to her or that she simply does not listen to what anyone else says (Nardo 126).   The next line, "Of clooth-makyng she hadde swich an haunt," is obviously the Wife's own opinion of herself and not objective at all.   This is ironic because she is from near Bath, in western England, where the weavers were not very good, so she is probably not very talented at all (Bowden 215).   She, however, does not doubt herself.   The Wife is also very practical.   In lines 469 through 473 she is described in traveling gear:    Upon an amblere esily she sat, Y-wympled wel, and on hir heed an hat As brood as is a bokeler or a targe, A foot-mantel aboute hir hipes large, And on hir feet a peyre of spores sharpe.    Her overskirt keeps off the dirt of travel, and the pacing horse, trained to move both feet on one side together, is comfortable on long journeys (Rowland 117).   The fact that she is wearing spurs implies that she rides sensibly astride, like most women of her class.   However, her hat is compared to a shield, and spurs were a symbol... ... Tales.   London:   Greenwood Press, 1995. Herman, John P. and John J. Burke, Jr., ed.   Signs and Symbols in Chaucer's Poetry.   University, Alabama:   University of Alabama Press, 1981. Lambdin, Laura C. and Robert T. Lambdin, ed.   Chaucer's Pilgrims:   An Historical Guide to the Pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales.   London:   Greenwood Press, 1996. Lucas, Angela M.   Women in the Middle Ages:   Religion, Marriage, and Letters.   Great Britain:   Harvester Press, 1983. Nardo, Don, ed.   Readings on the Canterbury Tales.   San Diego:   Greenhaven Press, 1997. Plummer, John F.   "The Wife of Bath's Hat as a Sexual Metaphor."   English Language Notes, 18 (1980-1981). Rowland, Beryl.   Blind Beasts:   Chaucer's Animal World.   Great Britain:   Kent State University Press, 1971. Serrailler, Ian.   Chaucer and his World.   New York:   Henry Z. Walck, Inc., 1968.

radio news :: essays research papers

Radio News Speech Good morning, Sioux City. This is Adam Lewis and you are tuned to KL&R on this delightful March 3rd for all your news so you’ll know what’s going on. This story coming right out of good old Sioux City†¦. Eleven businesses in a strip mall on Gordon Drive are all wet after a water main burst early Wednesday morning. Water and mud spewed from the break in the main and into businesses at Sioux City's Gordon plaza. "We walked in to open the store," said Beverly Gonzalez, Dollar etc. manager, "and there was mud and water all over." Water began leaking overnight from a fire water main beneath this utility building. "The first reaction was one of surprise, of course," said Roan Gruis, Little Chicago Deli Manager, "The owner got here at four o'clock and the water was running out the front and back doors." When the water drained, the stores were left with a quarter-inch of mud to cleanup. Half of the affected businesses reopened by mid-afternoon. There’s no word yet on what caused the water main to break. And now for your State news†¦.. An Urbandale man whose girlfriend called police after she recognized his face in a surveillance photograph was sentenced Friday to 20 years in federal prison for seven bank robberies. Richard Matzke, 58, was arrested in March 2002 as a suspect in more than 24 bank robberies in several states. He was convicted of seven Nebraska heists and was sentenced Friday in Omaha. Several robbery witnesses described a man who roughly fit Matzke's physical description, but none provided authorities with the license number of a getaway car. Matzke's arrest last year came after his fiancà ©e tipped off police. Kim Ford called police to say she recognized him in a surveillance photo published in The Des Moines Register from an Illinois robbery in February. Matzke's criminal history includes 11 drunken-driving convictions, a 1993 bank robbery conviction and a decades-old escape charge. We are going to take a short commercial break now, but when we return we will take a look at national news, and then your Sports and weather. Stay tuned. Play Commercial And†¦.we’re back to take a look at some more news†¦ And now this disturbing story coming out of Columbus, Ohio†¦. That's right, and they aren't just taking dogs off the streets or from the pounds, their henchmen are stilling pooches right from their own yards. "It's an alarming practice, but it makes good business sense," says one expert.

Organizational Structure Presentation Essay

As a manager of Van Rensselaer Manor Nursing Home Rehabilitation Center, we now are going to propose a new addition of long-term care services along with still having services for short-term on an inpatient and outpatient basis. The future of our organization’s growth internally and externally will demand how well we communication our abilities not only to our staff but to our surrounding community. We will be in need of new experience workers for physical therapy, counselors to work with patients and families, along with specialized doctors and nurses. Communication will be the number one factor in finding the right professionals for our organizations growth within the community. Our communication tactics need to be easily understood by all parties, and we need not use overpowering management terms so that employees think we are talking down to them. Effective communication means having everyone on the same page learning from one another while growing inside and outside the o rganization. Leadership involves good communication among all ranks of the management team and staff. Coaching, mentoring and walking around the office each day getting to know your people personally and their working skills will improve the growth internally and externally of the organization. Effective internal communication starts with our organization having sufficient skills in listening, speaking, questioning and sharing feedback. As a manager, it is my job and my management team to ensure that the most important outcome from the above skills is conveying that we value hearing from others and them hearing from us. Sharing information on a regular basis with the staff is effective communication and will keep the organization’s mission number one in everyone’s goals. â€Å"The main differences between internal and external company communications are the content and the audience. Internal communications include employees and shareholders, such as the company’s board of directors or stockholders. External communications include clients, prospective customers and the public.

Public Utility of Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA)

The Congress enacted Public Utility of Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 to answer the energy crisis that U. S. was facing (470 U. S. 1075). Section 210 of Title II provides that the act shall promote for the development of alternative energy resources by stopping the practice of electric utilities in purchasing power from non-traditional facilities (470 U. S. 1075).In addition, the act also authorized the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or FERC to implement the act by promulgating rules necessary to encourage cogeneration and small power production (470 U.S. 1075). The function of FERC includes also the setting of rate of electricity (470 U. S. 1075).Moreover, the act required the rates to be just and reasonable and non-discriminatory and shall not exceed the incremental cost of the electric utility of alternative electric energy (470 U. S. 1075). Pursuant to said act, FERC adopted the maximum rate which is the incremental of full- avoided cost and required all utilities to purchase from qualifying facilities (470 U. S. 1075). The state of New York has set minimum rate of six per kilowatt hour.The appellant argued that it cannot pay such amount because its avoided cost fell below that amount (470 U. S. 1075). PROCEDURE: The Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court granted the petition because the rate of six cents per kilowatt hour exceeded the federally mandated avoided cost rate (470 U. S. 1075). The respondent here appealed to Court of Appeals and it reversed the decision of the lower court on the ground that the federal law and the statute are complementary and the statute is consistent with the purpose of the act.ISSUE: Can the state require utilities to pay more than the full avoided cost rate for their mandatory purchases? HOLDING: Yes, the state can. REASONING: There is no question as to the rate implemented by the state because the Act authorizes it. The state can freely enact regulations or laws providing rates as long as it achiev es the purpose of the Act. Furthermore, there is no substantial issue than can be debated and so the case is dismissed. DISSENTING: The Act and the state's regulations should be clearly interpreted.The decision of CA is contradictory to the case in Kansas where the court held that the state regulatory commission could not set rates for purchases from cogenerations that were higher than the avoided cost (470 U. S. 1075). Moreover, the state may have jurisdiction to set the rates under PURPA but the extent of their authority shall be settled (470 U. S. 1075). In addition, Justice White found that there are various cases similar to this and the states also have different approaches as to the setting of the rate under the PURPA (470 U.S. 1075). These cases may occur again in the future and in order to avoid it, the issue shall be resolved. Furthermore, the Justice found the issue as important and open for debate (470 U. S. 1075) Works Cited â€Å"Consolidated Edison Company of New York , Inc. v. Public Service Commission of New York, et al (470 U. S. 1075). † 2003. The New York Times. 23 May 2008 . â€Å"How To Brief A Case. † 2006. 4Lawschool. com. 23 May 2008

Exam Guide Econs

. Assume a monopolist faces a market demand curve P = 100 – 2Q, and has the short-run total cost function C = 640 + 20Q. What is the profit-maximizing level of output? What are profits? Graph the marginal revenue, marginal cost, and demand curves, and show the area that represents deadweight loss on the graph. 3. In question 2, what would price and output be if the firm priced at socially efficient (competitive) levels? What is the magnitude of the deadweight loss caused by monopoly pricing? 4. Show that if a firm is a natural monopoly, a government policy that forces marginal cost pricing will result in losses for the firm. . Suppose a change in technology available to fringe firms increases their elasticity of supply, altering the total fringe supply curve from p = 5 + Q, to p = 5 + 2Q. If market demand is Q = 20 – p, show the change in the residual demand curve using a graph. Is the dominant firm better off or worse off after the change? 6. If a monopolist has consta nt marginal cost MC = 20, and faces demand p = 80 – Q, what is the effect on consumer surplus of a $5 per unit tax on sellers? Is the tax revenue collected less than, equal to, or greater than the consumer surplus loss plus the reduction in profits? 7.Suppose a legislator introduced a bill that would decrease patent life for new drugs from 17 years to 10 years, based on the argument that it would reduce deadweight loss through lower prices. What argument could you make against such a change? 8. Suppose a monopoly is for sale. What specifically must be purchased by the buyer in order to retain its market position? How much would it be worth? 9. Suppose a monopolist faces a market demand curve Q = 50 – p. If marginal cost is constant and equal to zero, what is the magnitude of the welfare loss? If marginal cost increases to MC = 10, does welfare loss increase or decrease?Use a graph to explain your answer. 10. The chapter notes that one possible alternative to regulation is for the government to encourage competition. Would this be an efficient mechanism to increase efficiency in an industry where the incumbent firm is a natural monopoly? 11. If a monopoly firm sells a product with price $100, whose marginal cost is $30. What is the price/ marginal cost ratio? What is the Lerner Index? And what is the demand elasticity the firm believes it faces? 12. Suppose a monopoly firm with a constant marginal cost 10 faces an inverse linear demand function p = 50 – Q.What would be the profit-maximizing price and quantity if its marginal cost doubles? How does it compare to the outcome with original cost? Answers 2. First, derive the MR and MC functions; then set MC = MR and solve. See Figure 11. 1. Deadweight loss is equal to area abc. P = 100 ? 2Q R = 100Q ? 2Q 2 MR = dR/dQ = 100 ? 4Q MC = 20 100 ? 4Q = 20 Q* = 20 p* = 60 ? = 1200 ? 1040 = 160 Figure 11. 1 3. To solve for the competitive price and output, set MC = p. 20 = 100 ? 2Q * QC = 40 * pC = 20 The magnitude of the deadweight loss is $400, which is the area of triangle abc in Figure 11. 1. 4. See Figure 11. 2.If the firm is a natural monopoly, AC falls throughout the range of demand. When AC is falling, MC is below AC. By forcing the firm to price at marginal cost, revenue would be less than cost, and the firm would incur losses equal to area abcd. Figure 11. 2 5. See Figure 11. 3. The change in technology reduces the slope of the fringe firm supply curve, allowing them to supply more of the total demand at all prices above $5, making the dominant firm worse off. Figure 11. 3 6. The $5 tax increases MC to $25. Quantity falls from 30 to 27. 5, and price increases from $50 to $52. 50. Consumer surplus falls by $71. 875 (from $450 to $378. 25). Profits fall by $143. 75 (from $900 to $756. 25). Tax revenue collected is $137. 50 ($5 ? 27. 5 = $137. 50). See Figure 11. 4. Figure 11. 4 7. In order for the legislation to have a net positive effect, any social cost must be more tha n offset by the lower prices when the patent expires. Firms would engage in less research and development. If a firm believed that a project could only become profitable in the 11th through 17th year of the patent, it would not be funded, or may be funded at a less than efficient level. The reduction in health that occurs as a result represents the social cost of the policy. . The buyer would have to purchase whatever the source is of the monopolist’s barrier to entry, for example, a patent, or the control of a resource needed for production. The value of a barrier to entry is the discounted stream of profits that a monopolist could expect to earn from that monopoly. In the case of a patent it would be the discounted stream of profits that could be earned in the remaining years before the patent expires. 9. See Figure 11. 5. When marginal cost is zero, the firm sells 25 units of output for $25 per unit. The welfare loss is equal to the area of triangle abc, or $312. 50.When m arginal cost increases to $10, the firm reduces output to 20, and the new welfare loss is def, or $250. 00. Figure 11. 5 10. No. If the incumbent firm is a natural monopoly, to encourage entry through any form of assistance or subsidy will reduce overall efficiency and lead to increased prices, because cost increases as per-firm output decreases. 11. The price/marginal cost ratio will be 100/30 = 3. 33. Its Lerner Index is 70/100 = 0. 7 and the firm believes it faces a demand elasticity of –1. 43. 12. Under MC = 10, we have 10 = 50 – 2Q, hence Q = 20 and p = 30. With the new marginal cost, we have 20 = 50 – 2Q. Hence Q = 15 and p = 35.

Just a Look †Poetry (100 Level Course)

Just a Look – Poetry (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Just a Look Poetry (100 Level Course) Just a look, then a smile. Perhaps a nod, maybe a hello. The usual intro, words spoken. This is different. Interested as I speak. My attention she seeks. Eye contact off and on. Not just a look. this is different. Who, where, what, why. Sincere questions, I get a reply. Smart, fun, nice, lovely. So much more than a look. This is different. Once again introduced. To someone elses dream. It will not work. Friends pay attention. Friends give looks. Why would this be different. Confusing nothing for interest. It would never work. She is not my friend. Friends dont give that look. Written for a poetry assignment for a college class. I got a B on this poem. Research Papers on Just a Look - Poetry (100 Level Course)Mind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on Children

The Crucible Sumary essays

The Crucible Sumary essays The Crucible is a play about witchcraft. It all begins with a group of young women playing with witchcraft taught by Tituba and Abigail Williams. Reverend Parris found them and most of the girls scattered but the smallest girls The people of Salem, where the setting is, hold a church meeting and call Reverend Hale to decide if it is witchcraft. Hale comes to Salem and gets the girls to confess and blame Tituba, the slave that taught them witchcraft. Tituba The city of Salem called in deputies to try people for witchcraft and the girls start their acts of vengeance on the entire town. Abigail Williams who lusts for John Proctor tries to bring Elizabeth Proctor, Johns wife, to trial. Abigail went to the council and pulled a needle out of her stomach and claimed Elizabeth was responsible. Hale visited Elizabeth again and found a needle stuck in the abdomen of a doll. Abigail had planted it. The chaos continued and the girls continue to pretend to see the devil during the trials, but to find out what happens youll have to read the play. There are many themes that you can explore in this play; marital relationships, the effects of mass hysteria, but the most important is, understanding the ...

The Greater War

The Greater War Introduction The Greater War changed the structure of the western world in different ways as the political landscape and order took a new direction. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Austrian archduke, and his wife triggered the war leading to its eruption. The assassination just triggered the war, and there were some underlying causes that are still debated by historians to date.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Greater War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The causes of the Greater War include alliances made by different countries, imperialism, militarism and nationalism of the European countries. A clear break of the previous social order and new path for European political change was a result of the Greater War. The factors that changed the political structure of Europe are outlined in the subsequent paragraphs. Ceasing of Empires The defeat of allies ensured they were weakened, and no longer had influence in t he European politics. Germany, Austro-Hungary and Russian Empires were ceased after their defeat in the Greater War. They were not able to control and expand their empires as it had been their tradition and this led to war. Similarly, the Empire of Ottoman ceased to operate because it was weakened during the Greater War in Europe. New Nations New nations emerged after the end of Greater War leading to change in the political landscape in Europe. Boundaries were redrawn after the defeat of the allies, and they had to lose some of their territories to other nations. The Soviet Union emerged from the Russian Empire and European map redrawn to smaller states. Countries such as Finland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia gained their independence after the war. The emergence and redrawing of the international boundary changed the traditional social order to a new begging in Europe. Treaty of Versailles Allied forces signed the treaty of Versailles after defeating the allies in the Greater War . The main goal of the treaty was to bring peace and avoid future occurrence of similar war. The peace conference was meant to neutralize threat that Germany posed to European nations from their naval power and to the oversee empires. It was also meant to punish Germany so that it does not destroy the newly created international boundaries. Versailles treaty was important in shaping and re-arranging the social order through taming Germany who was very aggressive.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Paris Peace conference Paris peace conference led to postwar international order, which minimized the emergence of conflicts among the participating nations. The conference condemned the actions by Germany of ceasing larger territories of other nations. The conference discussed issues to stop disputes by each participating nation on what they can do to maintain peace. The nations presen t during this peace meeting included Australia, Japan, Italy, United Kingdom and US issues to bring peace. They gave it different approaches at ensuring there was a break at the social order as well as to bring new political change. Conclusion The Greater War changed the political structure and social order in Europe as it laid a path for a political change. The defeat of the Allies led to changes as more nations became independent as well as emerging of new nations. Independence of other nations was essential in bringing peace and making them autonomous in their actions. Similarly, the Versailles treaty and Paris peace conference led to the creation of order that changed the political and social order of the western countries.

The Beheading of Precious Doe

The Beheading of Precious Doe On April 28, 2001, the nude, decapitated body of a 3-year-old girl was found near an intersection in Kansas City, Missouri. Two days later her head was found nearby in a plastic garbage bag. It would be more than four years before the girl, given the name Precious Doe by police, would be identified as Erica Green. Sketches, computer drawings and busts of the child were distributed nationwide and on several television crime programs before a relative came forward and identified the victim on May 5, 2005. Mother, Stepfather Charged in Case The Precious Doe case had frustrated police for four years and had been featured on several television crime shows, including Americas Most Wanted.   In the end, police say, it was a tip from a family member that finally helped authorities identify the child and also those responsible for her death. Press reports said a grandfather of one of the principles involved came forward and provided police with photographs of Erica as well as hair samples from the child and the mother. On May 5, 2005, Michelle M. Johnson, the 30-year-old mother of Erica, and Harrell Johnson, 25, her stepfather, were arrested and charged with murder. Police said Johnson told them he was under the influence of alcohol and PCP when he became angry with Erica when she refused to go to bed. He kicked her, threw her on the floor, and left her there unconscious. Erica remained on the floor unconscious for two days, because the couple refused to seek medical help because they both had warrants out for their arrest, police said. After Erica died the Johnsons carried her to a church parking lot, then into a wooded area where the stepfather cut her head off with hedge clippers. Ericas body was found near an intersection and two days later her head was found nearby in a plastic trash bag. On December 3, 2005, prosecutors announced that they would seek the death penalty in the case against Harrell Johnson. Authorities believed that the child died while Johnson was decapitating her with hedge clippers. Cousin Sheds Light on the Abuse Suffered by Erica According to Harrell Johnsons cousin, Lawanda Driskell, The Johnsons moved in with Driskell in April 2001. Michelle Johnson helped her husband dispose of Erica by placing the dead child in a stroller as if she was asleep. Later, she told Driskell that she had given Erica to another woman to raise. She described Harrells treatment of Erica as abusive, stating that he beat her for small infractions such as crying or not wanting to eat. One day she heard a loud bang coming from childs room and for the next two days, Erica was kept in the room. The couple told Driskell that the child was sick. Michelle Johnson then told Driskell that she took Erica to live with the woman who first raised the child. Michelle Johnson Pleads Guilty   On September 13, 2007, Michelle Johnson pleaded guilty to second-degree murder of her 3-year-old daughter. In a plea deal, she agreed to testify against her husband, Harrell Johnson, who was charged with first-degree murder. In return, prosecutors agreed to recommend a 25-year-sentence for the mother of the murdered child. Precious Does Mom Testifies Against Husband Michelle Johnson told the jury that Harrell Johnson was on drugs when he kicked her daughter in the head and the child dropped to the floor unconscious. He just picked up his feet and kicked her on the side of the face. I said, What the (expletive) did you do? It shook him out of his high, Johnson said. She said she put the child in a tub of cold water, but she failed to come around. She then put her on the bedroom floor where she stayed for two days before she died. Fearing that she might be arrested on outstanding warrants, Johnson made the decision to not call for medical help. Guilty Verdict A Kansas City jury deliberated for about three hours before returning a guilty verdict. Harrell Johnson, 29, was charged with the death and the decapitation of three-year-old Erica Green, the daughter of his then-girlfriend who he married a year later.   Johnson was also convicted of endangering the welfare of a child and abuse of a child. During closing arguments, prosecutors told the jury that a guilty verdict would finally bring justice for Erica. This selfish coward made the decision to put himself before this 3-year-old childs life, said prosecutor Jim Kanatzar. Sentenced On November 21, 2008, Harrell Johnson was sentenced to life without parole.

Boeing 787 Dreamliner; Quality Management Problems Research Paper

Boeing 787 Dreamliner; Quality Management Problems - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that Boeing company has grown tremendously and merged with other companies such as McDonnell Douglas among others to become the world’s largest aircraft manufacturer. In the 1950s, Boeing put its first jet aircraft to start exerting its control in the commercial airline market. Boeing is a global example of state of the art technology business dealing with aircraft manufacturing and it is the largest product exporter in U.S. Boeing has produced more than a hundred aircraft model since its inception and has currently launched the most recent model called Boeing 787 Dreamliner. In the midst of the overwhelming competition for efficiency and productivity in the airline industry, Boeing decided to produce one of the most fuel-efficient planes ever made. Whereas this was a courageous move for Boeing, the same has been faced with a myriad of problems in the production process. This is quite understandable considering tha t Boeing opted to use some of the best technologies and expertise in the world. Additionally, Boeing had to take a gamble with technologies that have never been used before, especially with such a large commercial aircraft. The outsourcing strategy and the leading edge technology of the relatively new plastic composite: carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic are the leading causes of high-cost quality and design problems. This was a change from the typical use of steel or aluminum in the manufacture of aircraft. The use of the composite material would guarantee durability, fewer repairs and maintenance cost, and long-distance flights. For a fact, only the manufacture of the tail of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner takes place in the Everest facility that is the home factory. However, it is worth noting that the risk of outsourcing in the production of Boeing 787 Dreamliner hails from the management’s decision to relinquish the design and engineering of the plane, the use of untried sources and stiffness of loyal vendors, and the use of many technological approaches at once. The outsourcing was preferred for various reasons like the commonality in outsourcing in the Boeing Company, the cost savings from the fewer employees’ in-house, lower labor rates in other countries, and the time factor necessary to manufacture the Dreamliners. Additionally, the outsourcing was an opportunity to do business in the different countries, a show of ability to compete with other aircraft manufacturers legally, response to the vulnerability of Boeing engineer strikes, the shrinking employment pool and the increasing demand of engineers at Boeing. Outsourcing is one of the management strategies widely used in the corporate scene However, many problems result from the adoption of the outsourcing strategy leading to the company’s eminent inability to reach its target of producing 10 Boeing 787 Dreamliners every year. While the management thought that the new airframe composit e warranted an all-new production approach, this was a strategic mistake since they should have accommodated the good old aspects hence keep the loyal and most proficient vendors in check.

Gulf Oil Spill Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gulf Oil Spill - Case Study Example These kinds of natural disasters damage property, displace lives, as well as, harm and kill. These events are bad enough, but there are other disasters have nothing to do with nature. They are the product of man-made structures, facilities, or endeavors. Human error or mechanical failures have resulted in devastating disaster with unbelievable immediate and long term effects and consequences. Chernobyl in Russian, for example, which leaked nuclear radiation for miles and miles. Plants operated in multiple industries all over the world have had failings that have resulted in dangerous toxins, chemicals, or substances to be released into the environment and human society. The British Petroleum oil spill is one such example. History On April 20, 2010 the Transocean Deepwater Horizon rig, owned by the British Petroleum company, exploded where it stood. Spreading smoke and burning chemicals into the air. As can be seen in the pictures above, the fire was massive. Worse the oil being relea sed was spreading across the water, blackened ooze. Located 250 miles south of Houston, Texas, in the Gulf of Mexico, it, also, threatened coastal Louisiana and Florida. As it spread the malfunctioning, damaged machinery, was forcing gallons upon gallons of oil directly into the ocean waters. Below is an example of the what it looked like under the waves and on the surface when this disaster occurred (The Daily Green, 2013). As it spread, it began to cling to and hinder the marine life and birds, as can be seen in the images shown below. These animals are hardly recognizable, coated in thick goo that renders them, essentially, helpless. The first initial explosion took the lives of 11 workers and seriously injured, nearly, twice as many (British Petroleum, 2013). However, the damage of the BP oil spill would have far more reaching ramifications than most people would have ever expected. Oil is made up of carbon and hydrogen molecules. Their states allows it easily to â€Å"goopâ₠¬  together and stick to anything that it comes in contact with. This is dangerous enough, but because the incident occurred in the mid-ocean it allowed it to move farther and faster than spills in the past. The effects of the spill could be felt immediately by the neighboring environments; be it plant life, animals or human beings. It, also, nearly economically crippled the populations living and working in and around the Gulf, which lead to serious economic hardships (Tiffany, 2013).The entire ordeal continued for weeks, but the ramification may be felt for some time. Discussion The ecological ramifications are, essentially, obvious. The number of animals trapped in the sludge and coated in thick, blackish-brown goo is not acceptable. This exposure prevents the animals from functioning, but, also, it can be incredibly damaging to their internal health as well. However what could be seen was only the beginning. Underwater plant life and animals, like fish and shellfish, were, also , suffering. Approximately, 8,000 animals died as a result of the spill, many of which were species already considered endangered. Human beings were, also, having serious immediate responses. People were experiencing respiratory issues, skin rashes, serious headaches, and confusion or disorientation. They, also, were quickly starting to get sick from eating the fish procured from the Gulf (Tiffany, 2013). This is how the spill represented a

Church and State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Church and State - Essay Example One of the most imperative objectives behind exploring the topic above-mentioned includes seeking the answer to the question whether or not there appears any need for the formulating of the new phase of relations between the church and state in the best interests of the masses at large. Hence, the present paper will provide an insightful outlook of the topic under-examination by seeking support from the works created by the scholars. The fast and continuous alterations being witnessed in the contemporary era all over the world have forced the thinkers and political and social scientists to re-determine and review the role of church or institution of religion in order to avoid and escape the extremism that appears to be challenging the peace and harmony of the social establishments on the one side, and adding their share in widening the gulf of hatred and conflict among the cultures following the divergent religious belief systems within their respective political jurisdictions on the other during the contemporary era. Consequently, the world looks reflecting the scenario of chaos and disorder even after the advent of marvelous scientific and technological advancements making the life peaceful, comfortable and luxurious one in general. There was a time when the entire Europe used to be submitting to the decrees issued by the church. The establishment of the Holy Roman Empire was also the outcome of the dominance i nfluence of church on state and all its institutions. While elaborating the position of church and state in his remarkable â€Å"The Prince†, distinguished Italian philosopher Machiavelli strongly demands the separation of church from the political affairs of government and state (2010, p.45). It is partly due to the very reality that the ecclesiastical principalities or religious rules are unable to cope with the historical patterns altogether. Since the church lays stress upon specific mode of worship as well as leading the life in a standardized manner, the same could not be observed practically in any region of the entire globe. One of the most dominant reasons behind the same is this that the people belonging to divergent faiths, factions and sects co-exist in one and the same socio-political establishment; and if the (Catholic) church representing just one faction of one single faith looks for the masses’ strict observing of the Catholic code of laws, there will be bright probabilities of conflict and clashes in society, leading to anarchical state of affairs in the country subsequently. Rousseau refutes the implementation of religious and social laws by stating that man was born free, but everywhere he is in chains (2008, p.15). Hence, he does not appear to be surrendering before the heavy burdens of laws, which challenge the human liberty in one way or the other. Taking the precedent of the contemporary era rigid orthodox states of Afghanistan and Pakistan, it becomes evident that the nefarious extremist deoband sect of Muslims has made the life of the non-Muslim and peaceful Shiite Muslims miserable and pathetic one by inflicting pains and sufferings upon them with the aim of forcing them to adopt their religious policies and ways at any cost. Such a condemnable religious prejudice has destroyed the efficiency of the political institution on the one side, and has caused the ruination of social fabrics on the other. It is therefore, Machi avelli’s arguments (2010, pp. 47-8) with regards to separation of church and state still carry weight even nearly five centuries after its first publication in 1532. In addition to this, the undue and unnecessary

Via Dolorosa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Via Dolorosa - Research Paper Example The physicality of this particular path and the unidirectional focus that Christ’s ministry had with regards to the very moment of undergoing the hardships leading up to and including crucifixion can be literally understood by journeying this physical path towards the atonement for sin. As such, it comes as little wonder why the Via Dolorosa has come to occupy such an important place in the hearts and minds of so many of the faithful around the globe. Firstly, though it might be tempting, the fact of the matter is that the Via Dolorosa did not exist in its current form until around the 18th century (Russell et al 784). What is meant by this is the fact that the path that Christ supposedly tread prior to crucifixion on Pottery was one that has been up for debate I scholars and theologians for many years. Perhaps more importantly to those within the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, or Anglican faiths are what are known as the â€Å"stations of the cross† (Denomme 37). ... 3 – Jesus falls for the first time, station 4 – Jesus meets his other, station 5 – Simon of Cyrene helps Jesus to carry the cross, station 6 – Veronica wipes the face of Jesus, station 7 – Jesus falls the second time, station 8 – Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem, station 9 – Jesus falls the third time, station 10 – Jesus’ clothes are taken away, station 11 – Jesus is nailed to the cross, station 12 – Jesus dies on the cross, station 13 – Jesus is taken down from the cross, station 14 – Jesus is laid in the tomb. As with any form of research, whether Biblical or scientific, the Via Dolorosa has come to be more completely and effectively understood over the past several hundred years. As continued scientific and archeological discovery took place in the Holy Land, the centuries of changes that had affected the landscape and impacted upon the existence of certain types and directions of roads th rough the city of Jerusalem came to be understood in a more complete manner. As such, the mere existence of changes to the route of the Via Dolorosa does not in and of itself denote that the path itself is somehow contrived. Rather, it has merely come to be understood in a more effective and complete manner as a result of the subsequent understanding of what roads and paths existed in what times (Kline 49). Moreover, due to the fact that Jerusalem has exhibited nearly continual residency by some people group or another over the nearly 3000+ years of its existence, it is not a precise or exact science to specify to any level of absolute certainty what existing and non-existing roads or paths can or should be included in the modern day interpretation of the Via Dolorosa. However, that being said, the actual path itself, barring some almost certain